Accurate localization of blood vessels with image navigation is a key element in vascular-related medical research and vascular surgery. However, current vascular navigation techniques cannot provide naked-eye visualization of deep vascular information noninvasively and with high resolution, resulting in inaccurate vascular anatomy and diminished surgical success rates. Here, we introduce a photoacoustic-enabled automatic vascular navigation method combining photoacoustic computed tomography with augmented and mixed reality, for the first time, to our knowledge, enabling accurate and noninvasive visualization of the deep microvascular network within the tissues in real time on a real surgical surface. This approach achieves precise vascular localization accuracy (<0.89 mm) and tiny vascular relocation latency (<1 s) through a zero-mean normalization idea-based visual tracking algorithm and a curved surface-fitting algorithm. Further, the subcutaneous vessels of minimum diameter (∼0.15 mm) in rabbit thigh and the maximum depth (∼7 mm) in human arm can be vividly projected on the skin surface with a computer vision-based projection tracking system to simulate preoperative and intraoperative vascular localization. Thereby, this strategy provides a way to visualize deep vessels without damage on the surgical surface and with precise image navigation, opening an avenue for the application of photoacoustic imaging in surgical operations.
The whole brain imaging of animal models is a major challenge in the current optical field, especially in freely moving animals. In this paper, in vivo high-resolution and long-term characterization of zebrafish brain were achieved with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). The combination of OCT and PAM demonstrated gratifying results in vivo characterization of adult zebrafish brain’s complex structure.
Zebrafish is a well-established in vivo model that exhibit high homology with the development of human innate immunity while well-established human disease model in vivo for various human diseases as well as the drug safetyevaluation process. However, few optical imaging methods could effectively visualize the structure of adult zebrafish due to their limited penetration depth. In this paper, in vivo high-resolution and long-term characterization of human bone disease models based on zebrafish were achieved with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The capability of three-dimensional OCT imaging was also played important role in visualization of zebrafish bone disease model. This paper presents the construction of bone degradation and regeneration model and OCT imaging in vivo based on zebrafish.
KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, In vivo imaging, Animal model studies, Brain, Visual process modeling, Process modeling, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography, Ultrasonography, Optical imaging
Because of its similar genetic makeup with humans, zebrafish are an available and well-established human disease model in vivo for various human diseases as well as the drug safety-evaluation process. However, few optical imaging methods could effectively visualize the structure of adult zebrafish due to their limited penetration depth. In this paper, in vivo high-resolution and long-term characterization of various kinds of human disease models based on zebrafish were achieved with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The capability of three-dimensional OCT imaging was also played important role in visualization of zebrafish disease model. The combination of zebrafish and OCT demonstrated gratifying results in vivo characterization of human disease models based on adult zebrafish with optical coherence tomography.
Osteoporosis studies require precise visualization of the morphological structures. The adult zebrafish represents an excellent model to investigate osteoporosis. However, few imaging methods can effectively detect the adult zebrafish bone structure in real time with high resolution and good penetration depth. In this paper, long-term in vivo monitoring of Prednisolone-induced osteoporosis is achieved with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The SD-OCT is able to noninvasively visualize the skull injury and osteoporosis of adult zebrafish. Valuable phenomenon such as the skull defect and bone loss can be conducted based on the SD-OCT images at different time points during a period of 21 days.
In this study, we developed a novel PIID-DTBT based semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) that have broad and strong optical absorption in the visible-light region (500 nm - 700 nm). Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) that have been verified as an excellent photoacoustic contrast agent were compared with Pdots based on photoacoustic imaging method. Both ex vivo and in vivo experiment demonstrated Pdots have a better photoacoustic conversion efficiency at 532 nm than GNPs and similar photoacoustic performance with GNRs at 700 nm at the same mass concentration. Our work demonstrates the great potential of Pdots as a highly effective contrast agent for precise localization of lesions relative to the blood vessels based on photoacoustic tomography imaging.
The adult zebrafish has pronounced regenerative capacity of the brain, which makes it an ideal model organism of vertebrate biology for the investigation of recovery of central nervous system injuries. The aim of this study was to employ spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system for long-term in vivo monitoring of tissue regeneration using an adult zebrafish model of brain injury. Based on a 1325 nm light source and two high-speed galvo mirrors, the SD-OCT system can offer a large field of view of the three-dimensional (3D) brain structures with high imaging resolution (12 μm axial and 13 μm lateral) at video rate. In vivo experiments based on this system were conducted to monitor the regeneration process of zebrafish brain after injury during a period of 43 days. To monitor and detect the process of tissue regeneration, we performed 3D in vivo imaging in a zebrafish model of adult brain injury during a period of 43 days. The coronal and sagittal views of the injured zebrafish brain at each time point (0 days, 10 days, 20 days and 43 days postlesion) were presented to show the changes of the brain lesion in detail. In addition, the 3D SD-OCT images for an injured zebrafish brain were also reconstructed at days 0 and days 43 post-lesion. We found that SD-OCT is able to effectively and noninvasively monitor the regeneration of the adult zebrafish brain after injury in real time with high 3D spatial resolution and good penetration depth. Our findings also suggested that the adult zebrafish has the extraordinary capability of brain regeneration and is able to repair itself after brain injury.
Multi-spectral photoacoustic (MSPA) imaging can extract quantitative information of interesting component from morphological photoacoustic image of targets. A probe with an optimal optical absorption can be detected by MSPA imaging with higher sensitivity and specificity. Here we developed a Nano polymers dots (P-dots) for MSPA imaging that has a high photoacoustic conversion efficiency in a broad optical absorbing band (500 nm - 700 nm). In vivo MSPA imaging experiment was successfully performed in mouse model. The relative concentration map of P-dots was exactly obtained from the background of tissues, which demonstrated the potential use of P-dots in the bio-imaging field based on MSPA imaging.
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