KEYWORDS: Sensors, Sensor networks, Machine learning, Environmental monitoring, Data modeling, Air quality, Monte Carlo methods, Wind speed, Detection and tracking algorithms, Design
In this paper, we present an optimization methodology for reducing the number of sensors in an existing monitoring network. These sensors measure the concentration of pollutant gas in the air, in order to estimate the position and intensity of a pollutant source. Two statistical methods were used and compared. The first method is based on Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC), and the second one is Self-Organized Maps (SOM). The aim is to regroup sensors of the same behavior, based on similarity measure; then, we keep only one sensor of each cluster. The methodology was tested on synthetic data, with Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) algorithm to identify the pollutant source position and intensity. Of 88 sensors in the initial network, the number was reduced to 21 by HAC and 27 by SOM. As for the identification, both methods had close estimation of the source position, however the SOM had better results in the estimation of the source intensity in general.
Identification of individuals based on their images has become increasingly important, to give access to certain users and to block the unknowns, in order to maintain security. A new access control approach based on facial recognition using the pix2pix generative classifier with a new decision making method was tested using the Olivetti Research Laboratory database. This approach requires a simple comparison between the generated data and the reference database using a predefined threshold. For the testing, a different number of individuals were excluded from the training database and the network was generally able to reject unknown individuals, recognize and identify individuals having access. Out of 200 unknowns, an average of 92.12% unknowns were rejected and the remaining 7.88% were considered known.
Generative adversarial networks have been widely developed to generate new data, and they have been used for several different applications. Some networks have been developed to classify data at the discriminator level, either by modifying the loss function or by adding a classifier. In this paper, the generative classifier pix2pix, a classifier based on generative adversarial networks, specifically the pix2pix, has been introduced. The classification is done without the need to keep the discriminator or to add additional networks, only the generator is used to classify the data. This classification requires the preparation of a reference dataset. The generative classifier pix2pix was applied to the GC character recognition task using 50000 images for training, it achieved 99.36%. It was also applied to the ORL face recognition task using 360 images for training, and it achieved an average of 97.99%.
For many smart road applications, objects detection and recognition are one of the most important components. Indeed, precise detection of road objects is a critical task for autonomous urban driving and robotics technologies. In this paper, we describe our real-time smart system that consists in detecting and blurring undesirable road objects to anonymize and secure road users. Indeed, our proposed method is divided into three steps. The first step concerns the acquisition of images using the VIAPIX® system [1] developed by the ACTRIS company [2]. The second step is based on a neuronal approach for objects detection, namely vehicles, persons, road signs, etc. The third step allows to blur among the various objects detected only those which are undesirable on the road, i.e., person's faces, license plate. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of our robust approach in terms of good detection.
Project management plays a fundamental role in national development and economic improvement. Schedule management is also one of the knowledge areas of project management. This paper deals with the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP), which is a part of schedule management. The objective is to optimize and minimize the project duration while constraining the amount of resources during project scheduling. In this problem, resource constraints and precedence relationships of activities are known as important constraints for project scheduling. Many methods such as exact, heuristic, and meta-heuristic have been proposed by researchers to solve the problem, but there is a lack of investigation of the problem using new methods such as neural networks and machine learning. In this context, we investigate the function of a feed-forward neural network on the standard single-mode RCPSP. The artificial neural network learns based on the scheduling level characterized by parameters, namely network complexity, resource factor, resource strength, etc., calculated at each stage of project scheduling and identified priority rules. Therefore, after the learning process, the developed artificial neural network can automatically select an appropriate priority rule to filter out an unscheduled activity from the list of eligible activities and schedule all activities of the project in accordance with the specified project constraints.
In several particularly secure applications such as the entrance to a school, it is important to know whether the person entering is an adult or a child. In this article, we propose a human body morphology detector that distinguishes whether the person is an adult or a child. This detector could be included in a smart portal to detect whether the entry person is an adult or a child to apply a different treatment depending on the morphology. A person detector module1 is deployed to detect the presence of a person within a predefined radius. When the location of the person is detected, our system can measure the height of the person and determine if the person is an adult or a child based on its height.
Cities development accelerates with galloping urbanization on the surface on the world [1,2]. They must face significant threats linked to risks of human origin, like terrorism. In this paper, we present our approach for intrusion detection composed of 3 phases. The first one consists in selecting, via a GUI interface, zones supposed to be prohibited zones in an image. The second one, based on a Neural Network method, is applied for the person detection. The third one verifies if the detected person is present in one of the prohibited zones or not. If so, an alarm goes off automatically. Real tests were performed to secure an elementary school in the city of Nice in France. The obtained results showed the efficiency of our method in terms of good detection. Other work is in progress with the aim of deeply analyzing the intrusion to detect the abnormal behavior.
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