3D detection is an important application of Lidar. A 3D range imaging Lidar system is presented in this paper. The
longitudinal resolution of 3D range imaging Lidar is poor because of the length of pulse width and gate time of ICCD,
which together determine the detected longitudinal range from a single laser pulse shot. To improve the longitudinal
resolution, power distribution received by one pixel of ICCD is analyzed, and a method is put forward. In this method,
by setting the gate time and step interval of delay time to the value of pulse width, one object will be detected in two
neighboring images, and it can be precisely located through analysis of the pixel values in the two images. The locating
precision of this method is verified by experiments, and results show that the longitudinal resolution is improved by ten
times, that is from 1.65m to about 0.15m. Meanwhile, the detection efficiency is reduced only a little.
The effectiveness of the lidar scattering signal can be intuitively reflected by SNR. Thus the effective detection range can
be objectively evaluated. Usually by theoretical analyzing the devices of lidar signal detection system, an ideal SNR
model of scattering signal can be built. Under these circumstances the theoretical SNR might be an inflated value. For
instance, when the detection distance is 20Km the SNR can be up to 20dB. However, in the practical experiment the
10Km's SNR is merely 3dB. From the results, it can be deduced that the effective distance range is far less than the
simulation value. Consequently, other practical factors must be considered in SNR analysis for Mie-scattering lidar. In
the paper the results of Mie scattering lidar experiment are shown firstly. Then the SNR is calculated through deducting
the background noise. The background radiation specific gravity is also presented in this paper. The photomultiplier
tubes dark-current is detected. And the effect of all noise components to the SNR is estimated. Meanwhile, some improve
measurements to reduce the interference noise are mentioned.
The information of location and scattering intensity of the target can be detected by lidar system. The physical
characteristics of the target can be retrieved from the scattering intensity. Since the corresponding relationship between
the echo signal intensity and the detection range requires to be measured accurately, a weak signal detection system of
lidar is needed, with strong electromagnetic immunity, high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. In this paper, firstly,
various characteristics of echo signals obtained by aerosol detection lidar, including the signal intensity and frequency
spectrum are analyzed. Secondly, the influencing factors associated with those signal characteristics, such as
photoelectric detector response time and the dynamic range, are also described. At last, a signal-to-noise ratio model for
lidar is established. The influencing factors of the photomultiplier tube shot noise, dark current noise, and background
radiation noise to the final SNR can be assessed. Meanwhile, some effective ways to reduce the interference noise are
discussed.
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