With the development of globalization and information technology, space laser communication technology has gradually developed from point-to-point mode to point-to-multipoint mode of simultaneous laser communication. In order to solve the problem of high-speed data transmission in one-to-many laser communication relay network, laser with different polarization angles is affected by the atmosphere to different degrees, this paper built an all-optical wavelength conversion system under atmospheric turbulence environment based on OptiSystem simulation platform. The all-optical wavelength conversion technique of OOK modulated signal based on FWM parameter effect with double pump structure is studied. The results show that the all-optical wavelength conversion scheme with parallel dual-pump structure can realize the polarization insensitivity of the signal and reduce the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the communication system.
The free space optical communication information transmission rate is high, which is attractive for high-speed communication scenarios. Compared with the near-Earth communication link, the satellite-to-ground laser communication link has the characteristics of long link distance, cloud layer and atmospheric turbulence. Aiming at the problem that the spread of star-to-ground laser communication pulses produces inter-code crosstalk and reduces the quality of the communication system, this paper analyzes the relationship between gauss optical pulse time domain widening and intercode crosstalk, and uses adaptive filters to balance the channels. The results show that the laser pulse broadening amount increases with the decrease of the input light pulse half wide, and the use of adaptive filter can effectively reduce the influence of code-to-code crosstalk caused by pulse broadening on the communication quality.
The previous researches on signal compensation technology based on feedforward neural network (FNN) are all in underwater channel and fiber channel. In this paper, the signal compensation technology based on FNN is applied to 8Gb/s 4-PAM indoor free space optical communication (FSOC) system for the first time. Under 7% forward error correction (FEC) threshold, the FNN algorithm is compared with direct detection and traditional LMS filtering algorithm. The FNN-based method can significantly improve the receiver sensitivity and improve the performance of the communication system.
In a free-space optical communication system with an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector, the average bit error rate (ABER) is studied based on pulse position modulation (PPM) considering Gamma–Gamma atmospheric turbulence and fiber coupling efficiency (FCE). By analyzing the shot noise and thermal noise, the approximate analytical expression of the ABER of binary PPM is theoretically derived. Then, the approximate analytical expression of ABER union bound is derived for L-ary PPM. The FCE has a greater impact on the ABER of the APD detection system than it does on the PIN detection system. By adopting the adaptive optics technology, compared with the PIN detection system, the communication performance of the APD detection is greatly improved. Moreover, the optimal average APD gain of the APD detection system is strongly correlated to the detector temperature but weakly dependent on the atmospheric turbulence intensity, FCE, number of wavefront compensation terms, average received photon number, and receiving aperture size. By optimizing the receiving aperture and designing an accurate temperature control system, the communication performance of the APD detection system can be further improved.
Atmospheric turbulence has a greater influence on the performance of the atmospheric laser communication system increasing the bit error rate (BER) and reducing the signal to noise ratio (SNR). If the bidirectional free space laser transmission link has channel reciprocity, the change of optical signal intensity at the two terminal is correlated, and channel state information (CSI) can be obtained at the transmitter, which saves channel space and improves real-time detection of instantaneous CSI and communication channel capacity. In this paper, under the condition of weak-fluctuation, according to the Rytov approximation theory, the relationship between the correlation of optical signal of receiving terminal and transmission path of bidirectional free space laser transmission link is deduced and analyzed, and then the coaxial atmospheric laser transmission link of bidirectional transmitting and receiving is built for field experiment. Experimental results show that the intensity of optical signal at the receiving terminalof bidirectional free space laser transmission link is correlated. The correlation coefficient is related to the location of transmission path. The probability density distribution of the optical signal collected by the experiment obeys the terminal and approximation theory, the relationship between the correlation of optical signal of receiving terminal and transmission path of bidirectional free space laser transmission link is deduced and analyzed, and then the coaxial is correlated. The correlation coefficient is related to the location of transmission path. The probability density distribution of the optical signal collected by the experiment obeys the lognormal distribution, and the real-time change trend of the intensity of the speckle signal at the both receivers is same. Therefore, the atmospheric channel of the bidirectional free space laser transmission link is reciprocal. The conclusion of this paper is of great significance for realizing high-rate and low bit error rate transmission in atmospheric channel.
In a wireless optical communication system, since the attenuation of the response of the light source becomes higher as the frequency of the signal is higher, it is more difficult to modulate the high frequency signal.In order to compensate for the attenuation of the frequency response of the light source when transmitting high frequency signals, we design a nonlinear compensation method acting on the transmitter of the wireless optical communication system based on cascaded transistor amplifier circuit. In order to verify the role of the nonlinear compensation method, we selected the blue LED as the light source and built a wireless optical communication system. The experimental results show that the nonlinear compensation method extends the 3dB modulation bandwidth of the system from 12MHz to 235MHz.
At night, high-speed road/all levels of road electronic cameras need to pass the white light flash can be used to obtain the road vehicle license plate and car appearance and the other related information, in order to solve the problems of the drivers’ short dazzle caused by the flash of the camera, this paper shows a novel method to eliminate the "red explosion" and "white explosion" dazzle vehicle license plate capture and recognition system. This paper is based on the inconsistent principle of the absorption characteristics of the reflective film layer dye in the overlapping reflection process of the multispectral spectrums. The relationship between the wavelength of the reflective film and the back layer dye in different wavelength and the absorption/reflection is analyzed, and a dual-band active illumination method is developed. The system utilizes the visual features of human eyes in the sensitive insensitive area near infrared 390 nm~810 nm band, combining the enhanced Hough and Canny operator to preprocess the captured images, effectively obtains the license information of the fast moving vehicle at night or low illumination, and accurately locates the vehicle contour features, The high contour gray color rendering with the wavelet and Fourier filtering is used to distinguish the authenticity of the license plate quickly. To achieve the rapid statistics on the number of vehicles and containers on ground mobile vehicles and logistics sites, and provide a reliable technical guarantee for road security, because of its small weight and high intelligence, it’s suitable for a variety of loading installations, and has a wide application foreground in the future.
Atmospheric turbulence has a great influence on the performance of the atmospheric laser communication system reducing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and increasing the bit error rate (BER). However, there is rarely study on the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the power spectrum of the rectangular pulse. In this paper, a spectral analyzing method is used to analyze the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the signal. An experiment of laser beam propagation characteristic is carried out on a 6km horizontal atmospheric link, the wavelength is 808 nm. The signal is 100MHz rectangular pulse. The waveform of the rectangular pulse is collected by the oscilloscope, and the power spectral density of the signal is calculated and analyzed by the method of periodogram. Experimental results show that the response and noise characteristics of the laser and photoelectric detector have a great influence on the signal power spectrum distribution which can increase the noise component in the 10^6 Hz frequency range. After the atmospheric turbulence propagation, the signal power decreases in the whole frequency range. However, as the existence of atmospheric turbulence, the signal power increases in the atmospheric turbulence characteristic frequency (tens to hundreds of Hz). The noise power increases in the high frequency range (10^7~10^8 Hz).
KEYWORDS: Optical simulations, Atmospheric turbulence, Laser applications, Turbulence, Device simulation, Control systems, Body temperature, Atmospheric modeling, Control systems design, Cooling systems
The laser transmission characteristics affected in the complex channel environment,
which limits the performance of laser equipment and engineering application severely. The
article aim at the influence of laser transmission in atmospheric and seawater channels,
summarizes the foreign researching work of the simulation and comprehensive test
regarding to the laser transmission characteristics in complex environment. And researched
the theory of atmospheric turbulence effect, water attenuation features, and put forward
the corresponding theoretical model. And researched the simulate technology of
atmospheric channel and sea water channel, put forward the analog device plan, adopt the
similar theory of flowing to simulate the atmosphere turbulence .When the flowing has the
same condition of geometric limits including the same Reynolds, they must be similar to
each other in the motivation despite of the difference in the size, speed, and intrinsic quality.
On this basis, set up a device for complex channel simulation and comprehensive testing, the
overall design of the structure of the device, Hot and Cold Air Convection Simulation of
Atmospheric Turbulence, mainly consists of cell body, heating systems, cooling systems,
automatic control system. he simulator provides platform and method for the basic research
of laser transmission characteristics in the domestic.
KEYWORDS: Turbulence, Atmospheric turbulence, Gaussian beams, Polarization, Atmospheric propagation, Receivers, Global system for mobile communications, Beam controllers, Atmospheric optics, Transmittance
Based on partially coherent polarized light transmission characteristics of the atmosphere, an intensity expression of
completely coherent flashing light is derived from Andrews scale modulation method. According to the generalized
Huygens-Fresnel principle and Rytov theory, the phase fluctuation structure function is obtained on condition that the
refractive index profile in the atmosphere meet Von Karman spectrum, then get the arrival Angle fluctuation variance.
Through the RMS beam width of gaussian beams in turbulent atmosphere, deviation angle formula of fully coherent
gaussian beams in turbulence atmosphere is attained, then get the RMS beam width of partially coherent and derivation
angle expression of GSM beam in turbulent atmosphere. Combined with transmission properties of radial polarized laser
beam, cross spectral density matrix of partially coherent radially polarized light can be gained by using generalized
huygens-fresnel principle. And light intensity and polarization after transmission can be known according to the unity of
coherence and polarization theory. On the basis of the analysis model and numerical simulation, the simulation results
show that: the light spot caused by atmospheric turbulence of partially coherent polarization will be superior to
completely polarized light.Taking advantage of this feature, designed a new wireless suppression technology of
atmospheric turbulence, that is the optimization criterion of initial degree of coherent light beam. The optimal initial
degree of coherent light beam will change along with the change of atmospheric turbulence conditions,make control the
beam’s initial degree of coherence to realize the initial degree of coherence of light beam in real time and dynamic
control. A spatial phase screen before emission aperture of fully coherent light is to generate the partially coherent light,
liquid crystal spatial light modulator is is a preferable way to realize the dynamic random phase. Finally look future of
the application research of partially coherent light.
Build theory model of intensity scintilla characteristics of laser atmospheric
transmission. Under the analysis of the model, focus on theory model simulation of effect model
simulation of laser transmission characteristics. And simulation results show that: the laser scintilla
caused by atmospheric turbulence increased with the transmission distance and turbulence intensity
increased; The longer wavelengths of light intensity, the smaller intensity scintilla; The plane waves of
laser scintilla is smaller than spherical wave and so on. Finally research of the laser transmission
characteristics in the atmosphere is prospected.
In order to reduce the impacts of atmospheric turbulence and background light etc. factors to atmospheric laser communication system performance, the atmospheric laser communication system using circular polarization modulation technology is adopted and researched. This system uses polarization shift keying modulation (PloSK), which is a new standard digital modulation technique in optical communication field. In this modulation, two rotation states of the circle polarization light (left handed and right handed) representation logic signal ' 0 ' and ' 1 ', are used to information loaded and data transmission. In the receiver, the modulation optical signal is detected with dual differential probe method. Under the OptiSystem system simulation environment, several direct detection system model based on OOK intensity modulation, single rode circular polarization modulation and circular polarization modulation with balanced detection is constructed, and compares and analysis of the various communication system performance. The results show that: at the same parameter conditions, bit error rate of CPolSK system with balanced detection lower about two orders of magnitude than the OOK system and single rode CPolSK system, the eye diagram and the waveform chart are also significantly better than OOK system’s. It can be seen, based on circular polarization shift keying (CPolSK) laser communication system with dual differential detection is superior on anti-interference of atmospheric interference, and reducing error rate, and will be easy to implement.
Currently, the atmospheric wireless optical communication generally uses intensity modulation/direct
detection (IM/DD) systems. There are typical modulation schemes such as on-off keying (OOK), pulse position
modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM), differential pulse interval modulation (DPIM)
and dualheader-pulse interval modulation (DH-PIM) for atmospheric wireless optical communications. For the
high packet error rate and low information transmission rate of wireless optical communication intensity
modulations presently, which is caused by atmospheric turbulence and scintillation on the laser beam, a new
modulation scheme--Polarization Shift Keying is proposed. The modulation structures, bandwidth requirement,
transmission capacity, power requirement and packet error rate performance over weak turbulence are compared
between several intensity modulation schemes (including OOK, DPPM, DPIM, DH-PIM) and PolSK
modulation. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that OOK offers the highest bandwidth efficiency
and transmission capacity. However, the average transmission power and bit error rate is both high. The
reliability of DPPM and DH-PIM is better, while the bandwidth efficiency is low. CPolSK offers the highest
bandwidth efficiency and the lowest bit error rate and packet error rate, which are very important in the
atmospheric wireless optical communication. CPolSK has stronger anti-interference ability compared to
intensity modulation scheme, because the polarization seems to be the most stable characteristic of a laser beam
while propagating through the atmosphere. Hence, CPolSK is superior in the atmospheric laser communication.
KEYWORDS: Polarization, Atmospheric propagation, Light sources, Atmospheric turbulence, Turbulence, Global system for mobile communications, Telecommunications, Free space optical communications, Beam propagation method, Laser beam propagation
Polarized laser has been widely used in free space optical communication, laser radar, and laser ranging system
because of its advantages of good performance in recent years. The changes of laser polarization properties in the process
of transmission in atmospheric turbulence have a certain impact on the system performance. The paper research on the
rule of polarization properties changes of Gauss Schell model beam in turbulent conditions. And analysis the main
factors to affect the polarization properties by numerical simulation using MATLAB software tools. The factors mainly
including: initial polarization, coherence coefficient, spot size and the intensity of the atmospheric turbulent. The
simulation results show that, the degree of polarization will converge to the initial polarization when the beam
propagation in turbulent conditions. The degrees of polarization change to different value when initial polarization of
beam is different in a short distance. And, the degrees of polarization converge to the initial polarization after long
distance. Beam coherence coefficient bigger, the degree of polarization and change range increases bigger. The change
of polarization more slowly for spot size is bigger. The change of polarization change is faster for longer wavelength.
The conclusion of the study indicated that the light source parameters effect the changes of polarization properties under
turbulent conditions. The research provides theory basis for the polarization properties of the laser propagation, and it
will plays a significant role in optical communication and target recognition.
Space laser communications (SLC) possess a series of advantages, such as higher data rates, large capacity of information, very good secrecy, et al. So SLC has been attracting great attention the throughout western and developed countries. USA, EU and Japan are making great efforts in establishing space-air-ground integrated communications network, with satellites, planes or ground vehicles as platforms. China has also carried out laser communication research
activities in recent years. Changchun University of Science and technology (CUST) has been doing research studies on space laser communications with plane as the platform, and relatively thorough study on some of the key technologies such as airborne lasercom terminal design. The present paper will address some of these topics.
KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical communications, Interfaces, Astronomical imaging, Telecommunications, Imaging systems, Digital signal processing, Control systems, Digital imaging, Laser communications
This paper shows the composition principle of APT system in the in the optical communication of space. Taking CA-D1 camera as an example, this paper discusses its' material realization of interface technique and application in APT system in the optical communication.
APT system is the key technology in free space optical communication system, and acquisition and tracking detector is the key component in PAT system. There are several candidate detectors that can be used in PAT system, such as CCD, QAPD and CMOS Imager etc. The characteristics of these detectors are quite different, ie the structures and the working schemes. This paper gives thoroughly compare of the usage and working principle of CCD and CMOS imager, and discuss the key parameters like tracking error, noise analyses, power analyses etc. Conclusion is given at the end of this paper that CMOS imager is a good candidate detector for PAT system in free space optical communication system.
There are two main image sensors that are now being widely used in image capture system: CCD and CMOS imager. The fill-factor of CMOS imager is lower than that of CCD, so it is of great importance to consider the influence of the fill-factor on sub-pixel measurement accuracy. the main purpose of this paper is to give a discussion of sub-pixel measurement accuracy of CMOS imager based on a digital camera which is designed and manufactured by ourselves. Conclusion is presented at the end of this paper, that the sub-pixel measurement accuracy of CMOS imager OV7620 can be 1/6 pixel.
A method for the detection and tracking of human face in color images is described in this paper. A skin color model in r,g,b chrominance space is used for segmenting skin color regions from non-skin color region. The best-fit rectangle of the skin color region is labeled as a candidate face. But the face skin color is sensitive to the change of the environment illumination. An algorithm is proposed to update the skin color model's parameters in time so that the model is adapted to different lighting conditions. The confidence measure is presented to evaluate the reliability of skin color model. Experiments demonstrate that the self-adaptive color model is more effective than the fixed model. The color adaptation makes that the color model can be better fit to the more complex application environment.
CMOS image sensors now become increasingly competitive with respect to their CCD counterparts, while adding advantages such as no blooming, simpler driving requirements and the potential of on-chip integration of sensor, analogue circuitry, and digital processing functions. A safety monitoring system for taxi based on cmos imager that can record field situation when unusual circumstance happened is described in this paper. The monitoring system is based on a CMOS imager (OV7120), which can output digital image data through parallel pixel data port. The system consists of a CMOS image sensor, a large capacity NAND FLASH ROM, a USB interface chip and a micro controller (AT90S8515). The structure of whole system and the test data is discussed and analyzed in detail.
APT system is the key technology in free space optical communication system, and acquisition and tracking detector is the key component in PAT system. There are several candidate detectors that can be used in PAT system, such as CCD, QAPD and CMOS Imager etc. The characteristics of these detectors are quite different, i.e., the structures and the working schemes. This paper gives thoroughly compare of the usage and working principle of CCD and CMOS imager, and discusses the key parameters like tracking error, noise analyses, power analyses etc. Conclusion is given at the end of this paper that CMOS imager is a good candidate detector for PAT system in free space optical communication system.
In this paper, the matching between some key performance parameters such as field of view, optical aperture, control bandwidth and engineering issues including weight, power, volume, lift time in APT sybsystem of optical communication link are analyzed and discussed in detail according to the requirement of BER, communication distance, platform jitter, background light intensity and other system parameters, the two communication terminal carrier are the GEO satellite and airplane. The goal of the system is to fulfill optical communication at data rates of 622Mb/s from aircraft at the altitudes of 10000 ~ 25000 m to another terminal mounted on satellite on the orbit of GEO, they are 40000 km away from each other. Communication error rates is better than 10-6; the airborne terminal must be able to operate within temperature ranges of -65°C to +55°C and be able to survive in humidity.
Small satellites are now capable of performing missions that require accurate attitude determination and control. However, low weight, size, power, and cost requirements limit the types of attitude sensors that can be used on a small craft, making attitude estimation difficult. In particular, star trackers -- often the attitude sensors of choice for spacecraft, ballistic missile etc., are not practical for small satellites, and CMOS APS is a good substitute for attitude sensors. Some of the technical advantages of CMOS APS are no blooming, low power consumption, direct digital output, small size and little support circuitry, simple to design, etc. This paper discusses the application probability of CMOS APS technology in star tracker for use in small satellites. A ground-based prototype vision system based on CMOS APS has been built to demonstrate the advantages of using CMOS APS in star tracker. Resolving capability, noise, radiation hardening and some other characteristics are discussed in detail. CMOS image sensor is sure to be a potential replacement of CCD in the field of attitude sensors.
KEYWORDS: Sensors, Target recognition, System identification, Data fusion, Laser systems engineering, Reliability, Signal to noise ratio, Control systems design, Signal detection, Laser applications
The paper introduces the overall structure and operating principle of a laser target identification system. Multi-sensor data fusion and information redundancy technology are adopted to achieve target characters synthetically judgment, which fits pratical engineering applications. In order to improving identifying distance of the targets and satisfy the miniaturization request of the system, heighten sensitivity and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the sensor is a key technique. The paper discusses the technique. In addition, the paper has a detailed discussion on the overall structure of the system, target characteristic identification means and multi-sensor data fusion technology.
CMOS APS become increasingly competitive with respect to their CCD counterparts, while adding advantages such as no blooming, simpler driving requirements and the potential of on-chip integration of sensor analogue circuitry, and digital processing functions. This paper discusses a CMOS digital camera based on EPP interface. A CMOS APS (OV7110) with VGA resolution (640 x 480) was selected as the image sensor, it can generate digital output of typically an 8 or 16 bit data bus in YUV or RGB mode, all the image controllling, e.g. frame rate, white balance, gamma control and exposure control all can be adjusted through 12C bus. The 12C bus control unit, FIFO and EPP interface, etc. are all integrated within a CPLD. The overall structure, working scheme and performance analyses of the camera were discussed in detail. Several images taken by the camera are provided and a detailed discussion of its quality, processing of image data, etc. is also given.
This paper discusses the basic theory and structure of radiation temperature measurement instrument whose quartz optical fiber bundle couples directly with optic-electronic detector. The paper also presents theoretical analyses and experimental result, and proposes a concrete manner to increase the measurement precision of the instrument
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Coating, X-rays, Sputter deposition, Signal detection, Computing systems, Signal processing, Reliability, Target detection, Ion beams
This paper introduces a photoelectric soft x-ray multi-layer thickness control system. This paper highlights the operating principle of ion beam sputter coating system, the hardware and software scheme of coating thickness auto- control system.
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