The imaging x-ray telescope (IXT) was first developed at the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering of Tongji University in 2007. Since then, we have made great progress on the development of mirror fabrication, coatings, and optic assembly. In this paper, we intend to provide an overview of the progress. Currently, we can routinely produce cylindrical mirror substrates with angular resolution of 30″ to 60″. To improve the effective area, coatings using C, Ni, and Pt layers were designed and achieved a high reflectivity at 0.5 to 10 keV. During the optic assembly, an
In this work, we investigate the joint optimization of achromatic DOE and image processing using a full differentiable optimization model that maps the actual source image to the reconstructed one. This model includes wavelength-dependent propagation block, sensor sampling block, and imaging processing block. We jointly optimize the physical height of DOEs and the parameters of image processing block to minimize the errors over a hyperspectral image dataset. We simplify the rotational symmetric DOE to 1D profle to reduce the computational complexity of 2D propagation. The joint optimization is implemented using auto differentiation of Tensor ow to compute parameter gradients. Simulation results show that the proposed joint design outperforms conventional methods in preserving higher image fidelity.
Characterized by a high resolution, high throughput (large effective area), and large field of view, the Wolter-I microscope is the main grazing incidence imaging device for x-rays and neutrons. It is necessary to estimate the tolerance of surface deformation to achieve the required resolution in typical applications. Traditional tolerance estimation method based on Monte Carlo method required a large random sampling in a given sampling area and has a low efficiency. We derived the transverse ray aberration equations to investigate the image quality degradation caused by principal figure and alignment errors and proposed a line fitting tolerance estimation method. Finally, the figure and alignment error tolerances of a Wolter-I microscope are discussed.
Driven by the growing demand for large-size x-ray mirrors used in synchrotron radiation and free-electron laser facilities, a linear deposition system based on magnetron sputtering technique is built. The layer growth quality and thickness uniformity are optimized by adding masks in front of the cathode to reduce the oblique-incidence particles and tune the sputtering flux distribution. Based on this, a 0.5-m-length W/Si multilayer mirror is demonstrated. The multilayer has a
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