We demonstrated a large aperture 1×16 silicon photonics OPA leveraging one-millimeter-long subwavelength grating antennas (SGA). The SGA is implemented by placing subwavelength silicon segments in the vicinity of the conventional strip waveguide so that they only interact with the evanescent field of the strip waveguide. The strength of the SGA can be conveniently controlled by tuning the location and size of the silicon segments. With the 1×16 OPA, a light beam of 0.1°×1.8° with a sidelobe suppression ratio > 10 dB is achieved.
We propose to leverage a silicon-organic hybrid integration structure to implement an integrated entangled photon pair source with high photon pair generation rate. This method combines the weak nonlinear absorption of organic materials with the high light confinement of silicon waveguides. Due to the supression of TPA and FCA, the pump power saturation threshold of the hybrid waveguide can be greatly increased. Therefore, with the high nonlinear coefficient and strong pump power, this hybrid integrated structure can achieve high photon pair generation rate. This work shows that silicon-organic hybrid integration could be a competitive platfrom for quantum photonic circuits.
We demonstrate an EP-based sensor based on exceptional point(EP) of nanocylinders-loaded silicon microring for single particle detection. The EP is implemented by tailoring the spatial phase difference between the two nanocylinders placed close to the microring. When a nanoparticle is adsorbed onto the surface of the silicon microring, the degeneracy of two eigenvectors of the silicon microring is lifted, leading to mode splitting in the transmission spectrum. The wavelength difference of the split-mode is proportional to the square-root of the perturbation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sensor leveraging the EP of a silicon microring for single nanoparticle detection
Silicon photonics optical phased arrays have been studied intensively in recent years. As the divergence angle of the light beam is inversely proportional to the size of optical antennas, developing long grating emitters is crucial to the implementation of large aperture optical phased arrays. However, because of the high refractive index contrast between silicon and cladding materials on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and fabrication limitation, the grating strength of a conventional grating is so strong that the light can only propagate a short distance within the grating. Because of the capability to engineer the macro optical properties of materials, subwavelength structures have become important building blocks in integrated photonics. In this paper, we propose subwavelength silicon segments as a promising approach to form long grating emitters. Subwavelength segments are placed a distanced away from a conventional waveguide to assure that they only interact with the evanescent wave of the guided mode. The grating strength can be tailored to any values of interest by optimizing the dimensions and positions of subwavelength segments. As a proof-ofconcept, a millimeter-long, through-etched grating and an apodized grating are designed and fabricated, which shows a divergence angle of 0.081 ° and 0.079°.
An all-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) strain sensor based on offset splicing fibers and Vernier effect is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed sensor consists of two separated air-cavity FPIs connected by a long section of single mode fiber (SMF) in a fiber link. The two separated FPIs have approximately equal optical paths, so that the Vernier effect can be generated. One FPI is used as the sensing FPI (SFPI) for strain measurement, which is formed by splicing a section of microfiber between two SMFs with large lateral offset. The other FPI is used as the reference FPI (RFPI) to employ the Vernier effect and amplify the sensitivity, which is formed by splicing a section of silica tube between two SMFs. Compared to a single FPI based sensor, the strain sensitivity of the proposed sensor with Vernier effect can be improved by tens of times. The strain sensitivity of our proposed sensor reaches 1.3 nm/με, which is the highest strain sensitivity of fiber sensor based on FPI and wavelength demodulation mechanism. Since the aircavity SFPI is insensitive to temperature, the proposed sensor also exhibits low temperature sensitivity of 50.2 pm/℃. With the advantages of high strain sensitivity, low temperature cross-sensitivity, compact size and easy fabrication, the proposed sensor has great applications in many fields.
The frequency offset estimation (FOE) schemes based on Kalman filter are proposed and investigated in detail via numerical simulation and experiment. The schemes consist of a modulation phase removing stage and Kalman filter estimation stage. In the second stage, the Kalman filters are employed for tracking either differential angles or differential data between two successive symbols. Several implementations of the proposed FOE scheme are compared by employing different modulation removing methods and two Kalman algorithms. The optimal FOE implementation is suggested for different operating conditions including optical signal-to-noise ratio and the number of the available data symbols.
This work, based on third-order nonlinear coupled-mode equations, aims at analyzing the optimization in one-third harmonic generation processes with initial conditions, including the initial ratio of the incident light power, phase difference, diameter and effective length of silica microfibers. Through the application of the microfiber loop resonators to one-third harmonic generation process, we reduce the incident power threshold of seed light by tens orders, and increase the nonlinear effective interaction length by several hundreds of times. Theoretical calculation results show that the loop resonator can effectively enhance the conversion efficiency of one-third harmonic generation by 104 compared with the straight microfibers.
Recent years, the research of mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonics has inspired increasingly interest due to their potential
applications in a wide variety of areas, including free-space communications, chemical or biological sensors,
environmental monitors, thermal imaging, IR countermeasures and medical procedures. On the other hand, third
harmonic generation (THG) has been demonstrated to be a versatile tool to realize high speed optical performance
monitoring of in-band OSNR and residual dispersion. The mid-IR light sources based third-order frequency conversion
opens an entirely new realm of nonlinear interactions. Nevertheless, rare experimental or analytical THG modeling has
been published. In this work, we theoretically investigate the possible efficient phase-matched THG in a double symmetric
plasmonic slot waveguide (DAPSW) based on a mid-IR light source. Nonlinear organic material DDMEBT with thirdorder
susceptibility of χ(3) = 1×10-19 m2/V2 is integrated into the top metallic slot region as the main slot core medium.
Silicon (Si) is used to fill the bottom metallic slot region. Silver (Ag) is considered to be the metal medium due to its low
Ohmic loss. The needed phase-matching condition (PMC) is satisfied between the zeroth mode at fundamental
frequency (FF) and the first mode at third harmonic (TH) by appropriate designing the waveguide geometrical
parameters. The associated parameters such as the width and height of the slot, pump-harmonic modal overlap, figureof-
merit (FOM), pump power and detuning have been numerically investigated in detail. Finally, the conversion
efficiency comes up to 1.69×10-5 with pump power of 1 W and the corresponding waveguide length is 10.8 μm.
A method based on the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented to design a bandpass filter
of the fibre Bragg gratings. In contrast to the other optimization algorithms such as the genetic algorithm and particle
swarm optimization algorithm, this method is simpler and easier to implement. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the
QPSO algorithm, we consider a bandpass filter. With the parameters the half the bandwidth of the filter 0.05 nm, the
Bragg wavelength 1550 nm, the grating length with 2cm is divided into 40 uniform sections and its index modulation
is what should be optimized and whole feasible solution space is searched for the index modulation. After the index
modulation profile is known for all the sections, the transfer matrix method is used to verify the final optimal index
modulation by calculating the refection spectrum. The results show the group delay is less than 12ps in band and the
calculated dispersion is relatively flat inside the passband. It is further found that the reflective spectrum has sidelobes
around -30dB and the worst in-band dispersion value is less than 200ps/nm . In addition, for this design, it takes
approximately several minutes to find the acceptable index modulation values with a notebook computer.
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor demodulation scheme based on a multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL)
with linear cavity configuration is presented and demonstrated. The scheme is one linear fiber laser cavity with two FBG
sensors as its filters. One is for strain sensing, and the other one is for temperature compensation. A power-symmetric
nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is utilized in the laser in order to suppress the mode competition and hole-burning
effect to lase two wavelengths output that correspond with two FBG sensors. The sensing quantity, which is demodulated
by spectrometer, is represented by the output wavelength shift of the EDFL with temperature and strain applying on FBG
sensors. In the experiment, strain measurement with a minimize resolution of 0.746με, i.e. 0.9pm and adjustable linear sensitivity are achieved. Due to utilizing the linear cavity multi-wavelength EDFL with a NOLM as the light source, the
scheme also exhibits important advantages including obviously high signal and noise ratio (SNR) of 40.467dB and low
power consuming comparing with common FBG sensors with broadband light as the light source.
The influence of pump power on the output characteristics of multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser, which employs
the effect of the intensity-dependent loss induced by a power-symmetric nonlinear optical loop mirror, is investigated.
The results of studies show that the multiwavelength output characteristics including the number, the flatness and the
spectral region of output wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the pump power. To optimis the multiwavelength
operation, a suitable pump power must be chosen for this kind of laser.
The surface defects (indentations, humps, scores) of semiconductor wafers are the major factor to affect the performance
of the semiconductor devices. Moreover, these defects make the manufacturing process difficult or yield of the
semiconductor devices decrease. Consequently, it is necessary to do an on-line wafers detection in the benefit of the
performance and yield of the devices. Thus, developing a way suited for practical detection is the urgent affair faced to
people. The optical methods are the most suited ways for surface defects detection because of their non-contact
operation. We discuss a relatively unknown method of the light reflex surface defects detection technology (Makyoh (or
magic-mirror) topography (MT)). The optical system that we designed achieves the detection mode of the parallel light
vertical incidence for the first time. It corrects the deviation between the tradition light path and arithmetic, promotes the
detection precision. A lot of experiments based on this optical system are taken to get the difference between the
detection modes of vertical incidence and the oblique incidence. The experiments prove that the vertical incidence mode
excels the oblique incidence mode. The MT images are also analyzed and disposed. The quantitative measurement can
be realized by digital image processing technology.
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