The purpose of this research was to compare the optical properties and structure of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films that
was deposited by different sputtering depositions. WO3 thin films deposited by two different depositions of direct current
(DC) magnetron sputtering and pulsed DC sputtering. A 99.95% WO3 target was used as the starting material for these
depositions. These WO3 thin films were deposited on the ITO glass, PET and silicon substrate by different ratios of
oxygen and argon. A shadow moiré interferometer would be introduced to measure the residual stress for PET substrate.
RF magnetron sputtering had the large residual stress than the other's depositions. A Raman spectrum could exhibit the
phase of oxidation of WO3 thin film by different depositions. At the ratio of oxygen and argon was about 1:1, and the
WO3 thin films had the best oxidation. However, it was important at the change of the transmittance (ΔT = Tbleached -
Tcolored) between the coloring and bleaching for the smart window. Therefore, we also found the WO3 thin films had the
large variation of transmittance between the coloring and bleaching at the gas ratios of oxygen and argon of 1:1.
The purpose of this research was to construct a measurement system which can fast and accurately analyze the residual stress of the flexible electronics. The transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), were deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using corresponding oxide targets on PET substrate. As we know that the shadow Moiré interferometry is a useable way to measure the large deformation. So we set up a double
beam shadow Moiré interferometer to measure and analyze the residual stress of TCO films on PET. The feature was to develop a mathematical model and combine the image processing software. By the LabVIEW graphical software, we could measure the distance which is between the left and right fringe on the pattern to solve the curvature of deformed surface. Hence, the residual stress could calculate by the Stoney correction formula for the flexible electronics. By combining phase shifting method with shadow Moiré, the measurement resolution and accuracy have been greatly improved. We also had done the error analysis for the system whose relative error could be about 2%. Therefore, shadow
Moiré interferometer is a non-destructive, fast, and simple system for the residual stress on TCO/PET films.
In this study, we would like to tune the color temperature of the high power phosphor Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
with the single LED of red, green, yellow and blue, respectively. The starting color temperature of the white phosphor
LED will be set at 7500K (D75 white light), then changing the voltage of the single LED of the red, green, yellow and
blue, respectively, to find the best tuning function for the color temperature and luminous efficiency. These results
exhibited that changing the voltage of red LED had the broader color temperature from 7500 K to 1500 K and low
luminous variation from 54 to 41 lm /W than green and blue LEDs. Though the green and yellow LEDs had the low
luminous variation from 47 to 51 lm /W and from 40 to 47 lm /W, respectively, but the color temperature of green and
yellow LEDs could only fine turn from 7500K to 8200K and 4700K to 7500K, respectively. The luminous efficiency had
rapid variation from 27 to 42 lm /W and out of the color temperature of 20000K for the voltage tuning of blue LED.
Therefore, the voltage tuning of red LED could show the warm color temperature for the human life. The variation of
color shifts (Δuv) of red and green LEDs changed from small to large with the increasing of the enhanced voltage. But
the variation of Δuv of the yellow and blue LED changed nothing with the increasing of the enhanced voltage.
KEYWORDS: Scattering, Dye sensitized solar cells, Absorption, Glasses, Silicon, Silicon solar cells, Light scattering, Optical simulations, Solar cells, Solar energy
The study would investigate the effect of the scattering model on the photoelectric conversion efficiency for the silicon
solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We will examine the accuracy of optical simulation of these solar cells
by the A class standard measurement of AM1.5G at the light source of 1000 W/m2. The scattering lighting of DSSC
always is occurred by the particle size of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the distribution of the layer. Anyway, the
silicon solar cell would absorb the lighting by the energy band of the silicon. Therefore, the bidirectional scattering
distribution function (BSDF) could descript the scattering status for the silicon solar cell and DSSC. The regular pattern
of the cover glass including the type, size, deep and smooth would affect the scattering model of the silicon solar cell and
DSSC for the absorption efficiency. We found the absorption efficiency would be enhanced at the scatter pattern of large
deep and smooth. The scattering pattern in the front always was better than in the back for the cover glass at the
efficiency of lighting absorption. The absorption efficiency of DSSC would be higher than the silicon solar cells at the
same scattering pattern. The optical simulation and measurement results showing the absorption efficiency of DCCS was
better than the efficiency of silicon solar cell.
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