In the field of CMOS image sensors research, the design and application of Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) drivers are key to achieving efficient video signal transmission. As the frequency of LVDS signals continues to increase, issues of signal loss and attenuation during long-distance cable transmission have become more prominent, posing greater challenges to the performance stability of LVDS drivers. This paper establishes a model for CMOS image sensor LVDS drivers and transmission lines, detailing the attenuation mechanisms of LVDS transmission lines and their impact on differential signal transmission. The study focuses on methods for matching the design of LVDS drivers with transmission line characteristics, while also analyzing the interaction mechanisms between the operating states of MOS transistors in the circuit and key variables of the RLGC transmission line model. Using 1Gbps LVDS data and a 20cm flexible transmission ribbon cable as an example, the effectiveness of the matching method was validated through simulation experiments. This method provides technical support for the reliable design of high-speed LVDS drivers in image sensors or other chips, and offers useful references for the engineering selection of LVDS high-frequency transmission lines.
The band structures of the InAs/GaSb type-Ⅱ superlattice are investigated using the 8-band k.p method. The finite difference method (FDE) is used for solving the Schrödinger equation. It is found that a small variation in the valence band offset (VBO, one of the input parameters) could cause a great change in cut-off wavelength, especially at the long-wavelength range. We also developed a GUI application based on this method. Users could quickly get band structure details, such as bandgap energy, miniband energy, and wavefunctions with this GUI. The program and its code are available at https://github.com/STONEDIY/K.p-Mehtod-for-InAs-GaSb-Superlattice-Band-Structure-Calculation.
KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Sensors, Data processing, Analog electronics, Signal detection, Infrared radiation, Infrared detectors, Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Remote sensing
Signal process system composed of visible information process circuit and infrared information process circuit is applied in a space-born multi-spectral Sensor. Based on pushbroom image, the system with external synchronization completes driving and signal processing of detectors including visible, short-wave and middle-wave infrared as well as long-wave infrared. Sampling and processing of analog signal along with integration and format of digital signal are also completed in the system. Multi FPA(focal plane array) synchronization, large number of analog outputs, high signal to noise ratio are characteristics of the systems. Eventually, the system samples 32 analog video signals and outputs 14bit data by 5 serial LVDS channels with a 30Mbps transmission rate in single channel. Under given test condition in laboratory, the results indicate that the SNRs of visible and short-wave infrared channel are 307 and 422, meanwhile the NETDs of middle-wave and long-wave infrared channel are 0.14K and 0.16K. An imaging experiment in VIS channel acquired good image data. The regular test and imaging experiment results validate that the system can meet the demands of multi-spectral sensor application.
The readout chain circuits for time delay integration charge coupled device camera imaging system include CCD focal plane driving circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, high-speed digital data transmission circuit and other parts together. The parasitic factors such as the quality of high frequency clock, high speed data transmission error rate and the aging of printed circuit board will induce more noise to image data of camera. As the longer time circuits working, the noise of readout chain becomes bigger and bigger, then the signal-to-noise becomes worse. This paper proposed a method to make circuit system check its noise as the circuit is working, which is based on pseudo CCD-signal to check the Signal-to-Noise of readout chain of TDICCD, and sends the result to control core of the system. The paper combines the theory calculation and actual measurement as the method for testing. High precision pseudo CCD signal source is used to test the onboard circuit and circuit SNR results of readout chain, harmonic frequency, noise floor and other related parameters are automatic processed.
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