The semiconductor industry appears to be encouraging the photonic industry to make highly integrated low-cost optical
systems. Planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology is widely accepted for manufacturing photonic components and
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides have attracted much research for implementing the highly integrated PLC-based
devices. In this work, starting with the guided-mode conversion process and the principle of transportation waves, we
mathematically model the structure of corner mirrors of SOI waveguides with a model of effective reflecting interface
(ERI). Then we simulate the transfer efficiencies with FDTD method and testify the simulation results with commercial
FDTD software tool. Further, we analyze the simulation results and conclude that the conversion efficiency of a corner
mirror is determined by several parameters including the geometrical structure, the index-difference of waveguide-reflector
materials and the roughness of waveguide-reflector interface. For the corner structure from 90-120°, the optimal
transfer efficiency can be achieved more than 98% and the access loss is less than 0.1 dB if the scattering loss of
waveguide is not taken into account, but they become 95% and 0.2 dB if the scattering loss is taken into account. For
some important PLC components, the deflection angle of 90-120° is good enough for implementing the compact design
of highly integrated PLC-based devices.
This paper presents a new wavelength-selective switch by combining silicon micromaching and microassembly
techniques. The 1×8 wavelength-selective switch (WSS) based on micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS)
technology is proposed and fabricated with micro electromagnetic actuators, reflecting prisms and narrow-band thin
films filters. And a 8×8 WXC prototype node is implemented by using 1×8 WSSs as building elements. The working
principle and the configuration of the micro electromagnetic actuator are illuminated. By analysis, the property suits for
the application when the inputs are 2V, and the best fiber-to-fiber insertion loss 5dB is gotten.
A large-scale optical matrix switch is generally composed of a permutation of switching units connected by a network of optical signal paths. In this work, a configuration of optical matrix switches with flexible switching units and Banyan networks is proposed. With Banyan networks, silica-based waveguides, and two types of switching units, the insertion loss of the optical matrix switch configuration is extensively studied for serial scales from 2×2 to 64×64. Typically for an 8×8 optical matrix switch, the insertion losses are achieved 3.0 dB for a rearrangeably nonblocking configuration with two-state 2×2 switching units, and 4.7 dB for a strictly nonblocking configuration with three-state 2×2 switching units when the intersection angle is designed as 30 deg. Even at the released intersection angle of 20 deg, the insertion losses of 4.0 and 5.8 dB can be achieved for the rearrangeably nonblocking and strictly nonblocking configurations, respectively. In addition, the blocking property and the scalability of the large-scale matrix optical switches with this regime are analyzed.
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