The paper analyzes the results of automatic monitoring of the content of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the surface layer of the atmosphere of the Baikal region for the period 2021–2022. It was shown that the average daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide varied from 1 μg/m3 to 11 μg/m3 in summer and from 3 μg/m3 to 39 μg/m3 in winter. The highest content was registered in the cities of Angarsk and Irkutsk and the village of Listvyanka. In Gusinoozersk, Ulan-Ude, and Selenginsk, sulfur dioxide concentrations were 2–3 times lower than in the cities of the Irkutsk agglomeration. The share of SO2 emissions from stationary sources remained in urban areas and reached various areas of the South Basin. For the cities of the Irkutsk agglomeration, this percentage varied from 2.1% to 6.8%, and for the southern basin of the lake, from 1.3% to 3.1%. It is calculated that from 1 to 3% of nitrogen dioxide emissions from the sources of the Irkutsk agglomeration reaches the water area of southern Baikal.
The first data on spatial and temporal distribution of carbon-containing (soot) aerosol in the atmosphere over Lake Baikal based on the results of comprehensive expeditions 2021-2022 and at the atmospheric monitoring station in Listvyanka settlement are presented
This study demonstrates a comparative analysis of surface and satellite measurements. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and CO, SO2, measured at the Listvyanka station located on the coast of Lake Baikal, were considered. Satellite measurements data (Copernicus Sentinel-5P) were recomputed based on the SILAM model. A joint analysis of data showed that satellite measurements were suitable for a spatial description of regional air pollution. The computed maxima coincided with the surface measurements in terms of time periods and general monitoring results. However, at extreme increases in concentrations of pollutants, a significant difference in the numerical values was registered. Satellite monitoring data confirmed the relationship between the increase in PM2.5 and CO concentrations in the air basin at the Listvyanka station and the transfer of smoke plumes from intense forest fires located at a distance of 1,500 – 2,000 km.
The research studies the unfavorable meteorological and synoptic situations contributing to an increase in the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the air basin of the Southern Baikal region. Atmospheric impurities and meteorological parameters were registered at the Listvyanka station with SV-320 and R310-A chemiluminescent gas analyzers, as well as a Meteo-2M ultrasonic weather station. General synoptic processes over the region were studied using the Digital Atmosphere software and the HYSPLIT trajectory model. The influence of various meteorological conditions on the atmospheric air over the Listvyanka station in 2020 and 2021 was determined.
On the basis of the asymptotic of solutions of the turbulent diffusion equation, models are proposed for estimating the concentration fields of sulfur dioxides, nitrogen, and submicron fractions of aerosol particles from measurements in the village of Listvyanka at the EANET station. The most significant sources of these impurities are large thermal power plants located in the cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Shelekhov. The main attention is paid to the analysis of episodes of the passage of the CHPP smoke plumes through the observation point. Measurement data from meteorological and aerological stations are used as additional information. For the territory of South Baikal, the results of the numerical reconstruction of concentration fields and the estimation of the transformation parameters of pollutants from remote sources are presented.
This article analyses the results of the in-situ automatic recording of the concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric boundary layer at the Listvyanka monitoring station (southern basin of Lake Baikal). During the northwesterly transport, poorly scattered plumes of air emissions from large regional thermal power plants (the cities of Irkutsk and Angarsk) are often recorded in this area, carrying large amounts of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides as well as coarse aerosol (PM10). In the process of transport, nitrogen oxides are the first to be rapidly oxidized by ozone. This contributes to an increase in the acidity of atmospheric precipitation at Lake Baikal and in nitrate deposition in the water area. Spatial scale and potential risks of regional transport of air pollution for the ecosystem of the lake require further research.
From September 2019 to February 2021, we analysed seasonal and interannual dynamics of the PAH concentrations in the atmospheric air of the city of Irkutsk and the southwest coast of Lake Baikal (the Listvyanka settlement). The comprehensive analysis of weather conditions (wind direction, relative humidity and temperature of the air as well as atmospheric pressure) was carried out. There were high correlations between meteorological parameters and PAH concentrations in the study area. Average PAH concentrations in the anomalously warm 2020 were three times lower than the average values obtained in the cold 2016. The proportion of the anthropogenic aerosol transport from the industrial sources in the Southern Baikal region towards Lake Baikal ranged from 61 to 71%.
The chemical composition of aerosol and precipitations on the southwest coast of Baikal during intensive forest fires in Krasnoyarsky Kray and Yakutia in July 2018 was analyzed. An increase in the concentrations of ions and PAHs in the fine fractions of aerosol particles (<1.3μm) sampled in Listvyanka was observed. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, SO4 2- and PAHs in the composition of the aerosol in Bolshie Koty within the period were increased. According to the analysis of the synoptic situations and chemical composition of atmospheric depositions, the aerosol sampled in 15-18 June 2018 was a product of forest fires.
We analyzed the 2018-2019 seasonal dynamics of the chemical composition of aerosol at atmospheric monitoring stations, Irkutsk and Listvyanka, in the Baikal region, with various synoptic and meteorological conditions as well as during severe wildfires in Siberia. This paper shows the seasonal differences in the content and ratios of major ions in aerosol, depending on air temperature in different years and smog from wildfires in Siberia, as well as dynamics of trace gas impurities in the atmosphere.
In this research, we analyzed the long-term variability and seasonal dynamics of NH4+, Ca2+, NO3-, SO42- ions prevailed in surface aerosol layer at the monitoring sites in the Baikal Region. During the warm period the chemical composition of the aerosol forms mainly due to the soil-erosion source; during the cold period power plants emissions are the most significant source. Quantitative estimates of the ion content in the aerosol at the monitoring sites, which indicate spatial heterogeneity of its chemical composition in the atmosphere of the Baikal Region, are given.
Results of air surface aerosol and precipitation ion content studies done at the Listvyanka Station (Southern Pribaikalye) during 2000-2015 are discussed. The studies were performed by Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk, Russia) in continuous monitoring mode. Peculiarities of seasonal and interannual variability of aerosol and precipitation ion content are analyzed. A reduction of aerosol ion concentrations is observed since 2000 to 2015, while no such reduction of ion concentrations is seen in precipitation. The mean annual pH value and nitrate content show a tendency to decrease with simultaneous growth of sulfate and ammonium concentrations. Aerosol ion content changed in 2010-2015 as compared to the 1990’s. The change of aerosol and precipitation ion content is induced by climate change (warming, growing rain and snowfall) in the Baikal Region as well as by shift of heat and power plants emission components towards reduction of ash fraction and increase of acidulous gases.
The research is focused on the distribution of nitrogen oxide concentrations in the atmosphere above Lake Baikal, the determination of the largest sources of emission, and a quantitative assessment of their possible contribution to the content of nitrates in the near shore waters of the lake. The paper presents the results of measurements of nitrogen oxide concentrations above the water area of the Baikal in the summer. In general, low background concentrations of nitrogen oxides prevailed, the excess was recorded in the northern part of the lake. An analysis and a calculation of emissions into the atmosphere from power facilities in the near-shore areas of the lake were carried out. In the northern part of Lake Baikal, the central coal-fired boiler plant in the town of Severobaikalsk could become a source of nitrogen oxides emission. The plume from the boiler was visually observed above the near shore waters. This boiler plant is the largest energy facility and the main source of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Deposition of nitrogen oxides from such plumes can temporarily and locally cause an increase in nitrate concentrations in the near shore waters by 3-5% per day. In turn, the high content of nitrates in the water contributes to the growth of biomass of some algae species and thus affects the entire ecosystem of the lake. Water transport can also be a significant source of nitrogen oxides above the water area of the lake, but its contribution to the pollution of Lake Baikal is not sufficiently investigated.
The article presents the study of the spatial and timely concentration dynamics of the main polluting gas impurities (O3, SO2 and NOx) at three permanent sites of atmospheric monitoring in the south of Eastern Siberia. The monitoring measurements were carried out by passive, forced and direct methods that showed a good correlation varying between 0.7 and more. The results of the study have confirmed the previously determined trends of the annual course in the distribution of ozone in the ground atmosphere at the monitoring sites: maximum values of ozone concentration were in the spring (March-April), and minimal – in the autumn (September-October). Short-term fluctuations of the concentrations of the ground ozone in urban conditions depended on the content of anthropogenic gas impurities. The content of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides in the urban and rural areas was significantly affected by seasonal and interannual fluctuations depending on air temperature changing throughout the year (more in the winter, less in the summer) and on different years (more in cold years and less in warm years). At the Listvyanka site, increased concentration of the analyzed gases was in the warm season as well. It is caused by the high recreational load of the settlement as one of the largest touristic zones at Baikal in the Irkutsk Region.
The main purpose of this investigation was to estimate the influence of local natural condition on behavior of electric
field of the atmosphere. Observations were conducted nearby Listvyanka settlement at a south-west coast of the Lake
Baikal at three sites with different natural conditions and with minimal anthropogenic influence. The main permanent
observation site was organized at the territory of Baikal Astrophysical observatory (BAO) - at one of coastal hills about
220 meters above lake level. Temporally measurements were conducted (synchrony with the main site): in September -
inside the narrow and deep stream valley, at the distance about 2 km from the main observation site; in March - at the
lake ice, at the distance 5 km from the shore. Observations at the main site were conducted also at two levels: near
ground surface and at the top of solar telescope tower (26 meters above the ground).
This work is aimed at studying processes of distribution and deposition of heavy metals in the region of Lake Baikal in
different seasons with the help of non-stationary spatial Euler's model taking into account the effect of relief. The
amount of some heavy metals deposited onto the surface of lake and especially protected territories of Pribaikalye has
been calculated per month and on average per year. A good correlation with the estimates obtained before is observed
on the basis of calculation data. The pollution impact on Lake Baikal by heavy metals from separate enterprises and
groups of enterprises located in the Baikal Region has been estimated. The results obtained can be used for
improvement of ecological situation of the region regulating work regime of enterprises.
The results on monitoring of chemical structure of atmospheric precipitation at Lake Baikal region are presented. The factors influencing on acidity and mineralization of wet deposition at different sites of the region (background, rural and urban) are considered. The special attention is given to dynamics of pH value, contents sulfates and nitrates. It is shown, that an acidity of precipitation is influenced not by absolute amount of strong acids anions, but by ratios of anions and cations in wet deposition. The fluxes of acidifying ions on an underlying surface of considered region are evaluated. With the help of mathematical simulation the possible contribution of regional anthropogeneous sources to acid loads (sulfuric and nitric acids) on water area of Southern Baikal with wet deposition is estimated.
In an outcome of two-years observations in the region of Southern Baikal, experimental data about inter-annual variability of 7-10 day's average concentrations of some acid gases, as well as main ions in soluble faction of atmospheric aerosols and in rains. The evaluations of a dry deposition amount are represented, in comparision with the measured wet deposition. In the summer period the dry and wet deposition in considered region are close on magnitude, but in an annual sum the dry deposition essentially predominates because of their highest contribution in the winter period. As a whole, the results are satisfactorily agreed with obtained earlier observations in different parts of the Baikal region. In addition to experimental studies, the accounts with the help of the mathematical model based on numerical solution of the spatial non-linear non-stationary semi-empirical equation of a turbulent diffusion of impurity were made. In an outcome of conducted numerical experiments with the model the spatial fields of monthly average concentration of both sulphur and nitrogen compounds and a small gas components of the atmosphere over considered region were obtained.
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