The cladded U-bent plastic optical fiber (POF) probes with single, triple and quintuple U-bent regions investigated under this study show a RI sensitivity of 2.7, 3.7 and 2.3 absorbance units/RI units respectively. The highest sensitivity obtained here is more than 50% of decladded single U-bent POF probes, however with superior chemical resistance.
The present article discusses a cost effective technique for the detection and quantification of copper ion by using localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) based fiber optic technique. For the purpose, a small portion of a plastic optical fiber is functionalized with gold nanoparticles which are modified with 4-mercapto benzoic acid (4-MBA). The proposed is very successful in the detection of Cu2+ even in trace levels (ppb) in a wide range of real time samples. The results are comparable with the existing detection techniques.
This paper proposes a chemo-mechanical-optical sensing approach for the detection of carcinogenic chromium (VI) metal ion using an etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) coated with stimulus responsive hydrogel. Hydrogel synthesized from the blends of (3-acrylamidopropyl)—trimethylammonium chloride, which is highly responsive to chromium ions suffers a volume change when placed in Cr solution. When the proposed sensor system is exposed to various concentrations of Cr (VI) ion solution, FBG peak shifts due to the mechanical strain induced by the swelling of the hydrogel. The peak shift is correlated with the concentration of the Cr (VI) metal ion. Due to the reduction in the cladding diameter of FBG, wastage of swelling force due to hydrogel on FBG is lowered and utilized for more wavelength peak shift of FBG resulting in the increase in the sensitivity. The resolution of the sensor system is found to be 0.072 ppb. Trace amounts of chromium (VI) ion as low as 10 ppb can be sensed by this method. The sensor has shown good sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The salient features of the sensors are its compact size, light weight, and adoptability for remote monitoring.
This paper describes a fiber optics based pH sensor by using wavelength modulated techniques. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is functionalized with a stimulus responsive hydrogel which induces a strain on FBG due to mechanical expansion of the gel in response to ambient pH changes. The gel is synthesized from the blends of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Poly (acrylic acid). The induced strain results in a shift of FBG reflected peak which is monitored by an interrogator. The sensor system shows a good linearity in acidic pH range of 3 to 7 with a sensitivity of 12.16pm/pH. Besides that it shows good repeatability which proves it to be fit for pH sensing applications.
We present a fiber-optic wavelength-modulated sensor for pH applications. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is functionalized with a stimulus-responsive hydrogel that induces a strain on FBG due to mechanical expansion of the gel in response to ambient pH changes. The gel is synthesized from the blends of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (acrylic acid). The induced strain results in a shift of FBG reflected peak that is monitored by an interrogator. The sensor system shows good linearity in the acidic pH range of 3 to 7 with a sensitivity of 12.16 pm/pH. In addition, it shows good repeatability and oscillator behavior, which proves it to be fit for pH sensing applications.
The present article reports a hydrogel coated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based sensor for chromium metal ion detection. The presence of chromium metal ion in environmental water causes many toxic effects both on humans and animals. The inability of sensing traces of chromium ions is still remains a challenging problem for decades, as the Chromium exists in the environment in different oxidation states. This Paper discusses a chemo-mechanical-optical sensing approach for sensing harmful Chromium ions in environmental water. Fiber Bragg Grating is functionalized with a stimulus responsive hydrogel which swells or deswells depending on ambient chromium ion concentrations. This volume change of the hydrogels causes a bragg shift of the FBG peak. Different peak shifting’s, corresponding to different concentrations of the Cr ion concentrations, can be considered as a measure for quantifying traces of chromium ions. Hydrogel network cross-linked with (3-Acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC) was synthesized and coated on FBG by dip coating method. Chromium ion concentrations up to ppm (parts per million) can be sensed by this technique.
This article proposes an optical method for monitoring the growth of Escherichia coli in Luria Bertani medium and Saccharomyces cereviciae in YPD. Suitable light is selected which on interaction with the analyte under consideration, gets adsorption / scattered. Required electronic circuitry is designed to drive the laser source and to detect the intensity of light using Photo-detector. All these components are embedded and arranged in a proper way and monitored the growth of the microbs in real time. The sensors results are compared with standard techniques such as colorimeter, Nephelometer and hemocytometer. The experimental results are in good agreement with the existed techniques and well suitable for real time monitoring applications of the growth of the microbs.
An intensity modulated Fiber optic prism based liquid concentration sensor is proposed. The sensing principle is based on total internal reflection (TIR) inside the prism which gets modulated in the vicinity of liquid as a function of refractive index. The precise movement of sensor head in liquids, gives rise to a hysteresis curve which is considered as a measure of liquid concentration. Different liquid concentrations of Sucrose, Saline solution (NaCl) and Glycerin are taken for the study. The sensor exhibits sensitivity of 371.16, 2133.25 and 1501.89 Sucrose, Saline water and Glycerin solutions respectively.
A simple and low-cost fiber optic refractometer has been designed and demonstrated. The sensor is configured by etching a short region of a standard single-mode circularly bent fiber. Circularly bent three fiber loops are etched in equal lengths and arranged parallel to each other. The working principle of the sensor is by detecting the evanescent field modulation with respect to the change in ambient refractive index. In the present study glycerin solution with various concentrations, possessing different refractive indices is chosen as the ambient.
Bent and etched optical fiber sensors have increased sensing capabilities but they are very much prone to fracture and breakage. The proposed sensor is stable showing very less tendency towards any breakage or fracture. The sensitivity of the sensor is tested for glycerin with different concentrations. It is evident from the experimental results that with the increase of glycerin concentration the output intensity of the sensor is decreased linearly. The proposed sensor may find applications in detecting various chemical species and biochemical applications.
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