Vascular damage occurs frequently at the injured brain causing hypoxia and is associated with poor outcomes in the clinics. We found high levels of glycolysis, reduced ATP generation, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in neurons under hypoxia. Strikingly, these adverse events were reversed significantly by noninvasive exposure of injured brain to low-level light (LLL). LLL illumination sustained the mitochondrial membrane potential, constrained cytochrome C leakage in hypoxic cells, and protected them from apoptosis, underscoring a unique property of LLL. The effect of LLL was further bolstered by combination with metabolic substrates such as pyruvate or lactate both invivo and invitro. The combinational treatment retained memory and learning activities of injured mice to a normal level, whereas those treated with LLL or pyruvate alone, or sham light displayed partial or severe deficiency in these cognitive functions. In accordance with well-protected learning and memory function, the hippocampal region primarily responsible for learning and memory was completely protected by a combination of LLL and pyruvate, in marked contrast to the severe loss of hippocampal tissue due to secondary damage in control mice. These data clearly suggest that energy metabolic modulators can additively or synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of LLL in energy-producing insufficient tissues like injured brain. Keywords:
It's well known that soil erosion is a complicated phenomenon. It's hard to express it with a uniform equation, however
BP artificial neural network has great advantages of solving non-linear problems, so it can use BP artificial neural
network to research on soil erosion quantitatively. In this research it lays out experiment in the east and west of Liaoning
province. It measures 4 factors which mainly influence soil erosion except quantity of soil erosion. They are rainfall
erosivity, slop, soil water content before rainfall and crop coverage. These data are composed of 85 samples in total. This
paper builds double-layer BP artificial neural network for east region and west region respectively. It uses some samples
to train BP artificial neural network and others to verify it. Research results show that judging from the errors these two
BP artificial neural networks can be applied to research on soil erosion quantitatively. Simulative results can be used to
confirm the rank of soil erosion. Comparing with the results of multi-factor orthogonal regression analysis using BP
artificial neural network is much more approaching the real value. Besides it discusses the problems on BP artificial
neural network application.
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