Dr. Stanley J. Wellard Profile

Dr. Stanley J. Wellard

Retired

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Proceedings Article | 24 October 2012 Paper

If EM waves don't interfere, what causes interferograms?

Stanley Wellard

Proceedings Volume 8511, 85110D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.979861

KEYWORDS: Particles, Electrons, Medium wave, Photonics, Sensors, Physics, Atmospheric particles, Radio propagation, Chemical species, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2011 Paper

Advancements in understanding auroral ionosphere-thermosphere coupling from infrared remote sensing

Christopher Mertens, Xiaojing Xu, Stanley Wellard

Proceedings Volume 8154, 815405 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.895235

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Information technology, Satellites, Infrared sensors, Remote sensing, Thermosphere, Solids, Radiometry, Chemistry, Spectral resolution

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Recent discoveries from analysis of measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere-Ionosphere- Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite have shown that NO(v) 5.3 um emission is the primary mechanism of dissipating solar-geomagnetic storm energy in the thermosphere. Further insight into the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) storm-time response emerged from observations and analysis of the SABER 4.3 um channel radiances, which showed that nighttime 4.3 um emission is dominated by NO⁺(v) during geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Analysis of SABER NO⁺(v) 4.3 um emission led to major advances in the understanding of E-region ion-neutral chemistry and kinetics, such as the identification of a new source of auroral 4.3 um emission, which also provides a new context for understanding auroral infrared emission from O₂(a¹▵g). Surprisingly, NO⁺(v) 4.3 um emission is the second largest contribution to solar-geomagnetic infrared radiative response and provides a non-negligible contribution to the "natural thermostat" thought to be solely due to NO(v) 5.3 um emission. Despite these major advances, a fully physics-based understanding of the two largest sources of storm-time energy dissipation in the IT system from NO(v) and NO⁺(v) is lacking because of the limited information content contained in SABER's broadband infrared channel measurements. On the other hand, detailed information on the chemical-radiative excitation and loss processes for NO(v), NO⁺(v), and O₂(a¹▵g) emission is encoded in the infrared spectrum, of which SABER only provides an integral constraint. Consequently, a prototype infrared field-wide Michelson interferometer (FWMI) is currently under development to advance the understanding of IT storm-time energetics beyond the current state of knowledge. It is anticipated that progress in the developments of the FWMI technology, along with advancements in a physics-based understanding of the fundamental chemical-radiative mechanisms responsible for IT infrared emission, will play an integral role in the future planning of a rocket-borne and satellite-based Eregion science missions. In this paper, a survey of recent SABER discoveries in IT ion-neutral coupling will be given, open questions in a physics-based understanding of chemical-radiative vibration-rotation excitation and loss from important IT infrared emitters will be identified, and the FWMI instrument requirements necessary to address these open science questions will be presented.

Proceedings Article | 17 September 2011 Paper

A field-widened spectrometer-interferometer: back from the past to measure ionospheric-thermospheric energetics

Stanley Wellard, Christopher Mertens

Proceedings Volume 8154, 815403 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.895344

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Sensors, Michelson interferometers, Satellites, Electronics, Infrared radiation, Rockets, Prisms, Mirrors, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2006 Paper

Far infrared spectroscopy of the troposphere (FIRST): flight performance and data processing

S. Wellard, G. Bingham, H. Latvakoski, M. Mlynczak, D. Johnson, K. Jucks

Proceedings Volume 6297, 62970Q (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683976

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Interferometers, Beam splitters, Infrared radiation, Troposphere, Spectroscopy, Mirrors, Black bodies, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 20 January 2005 Paper

Far-infrared Spectroscopy of the Troposphere (FIRST): sensor calibration performance

Gail Bingham, Harri Latvakoski, Stanley Wellard, Martin Mlynczak, David Johnson, Wesley Traub, Kenneth Jucks

Proceedings Volume 5655, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578770

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Black bodies, Fourier transforms, Beam splitters, Troposphere, Infrared radiation, Infrared sensors, Interferometers, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2003 Paper

Far-infrared spectroscopy of the troposphere (FIRST): sensor development and performance drivers

Gail Bingham, Harri Latvakoski, Stanley Wellard, Martin Mlynczak, David Johnson, Wesley Traub, Kenneth Jucks

Proceedings Volume 5157, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.509674

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Troposphere, Satellites, Beam splitters, Climatology, Fourier transforms, Clouds, Spectroscopy, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 2003 Paper

Far infrared spectroscopy of the troposphere (FIRST): sensor concept

Gail Bingham, Stanley Wellard, Martin Mlynczak, David Johnson, Wesley Traub, Kenneth Jucks

Proceedings Volume 4897, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.467705

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fourier transforms, Calibration, Troposphere, Climatology, Beam splitters, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, Infrared radiation, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 21 January 1993 Paper

Cryogenic Michelson interferometer on the space shuttle

Stanley Wellard, Jeffery Blakeley, Steven Brown, Brent Bartschi, E. Huppi

Proceedings Volume 1765, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.140896

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Sensors, Mirrors, Electronics, Optical filters, Telescopes, Optical alignment, Optical cryogenics, Lamps, Laser systems engineering

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Showing 5 of 8 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (8)

Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXV

7 August 2017 | San Diego, California, United States

Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIV

29 August 2016 | San Diego, California, United States

Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII

10 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII

18 August 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXI

26 August 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 8 Conference Committees

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