The deep-sea hydrothermal velocity measurement system based on laser Doppler is mainly used for in-situ accurate measurement of deep-sea hydrothermal velocity. Due to the high-pressure environment of the deep-sea hydrothermal area, the optical window of the measurement system will be deformed under pressure, attenuating the energy of the scattered light received by the system. The system selects sapphire as the compressive window material, uses finite element analysis to simulate the compressive deformation of the optical window at a sea depth of 4000 meters (40MPa), and fits the deformed optical window to the optical design software. The simulation result shows the deep-sea high pressure will reduce the energy utilization rate of the measurement system by 43%. Through the optimized design of the optical system, the laser intensity utilization rate has been increased by 52.2% to meet actual application requirements.
A novel quasi-distributed fiber temperature sensor based on the cascaded quantum dot fibers (QDFs) is proposed in this paper. The cascaded QDFs are fabricated by the 3D printing technology and can be divided into two parts QDF1 and QDF2. When the excitation light is coupled into the fiber, the QDF1 emits the 630nm fluorescence and the QDF2 emits the 530nm fluorescence. Because the fluorescence peaks will change with the temperature linearly, it can be used as the fiber temperature sensor. In the experiment, by controlling the temperature at each QDF, the sensor realizes the temperature measurement at different position. The sensitivity of the sensor at different position is 0.15nm/°C and 0.153nm/°C, respectively. The results verify the feasibility of the structure for distributed temperature sensing. The spatial resolution is 1.8mm, which is limited by the length of the printed QDF.
A modified phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm for interferometric sensor is presented in this letter. Compared with the differential-cross-multiplying measure (PGC-DCM algorithm), the effect of light intensity disturbance (LID) is eliminated. Additionally, the harmonic distortion of arctangent measure (PGC-arctan algorithm) is well suppressed. In the experiment, while the simulated LID frequency is settled to 50 Hz, the signal-to-noise of the improved PGC algorithm respectively receives an increase of 10.3 dB and 18.2 dB over PGC-DCM and PGC-Arctan algorithms. The system has a dynamic range of 45.9 dB at 600 Hz by employing the improved PGC demodulation algorithm.
The phase-shifted sensitivity of an interferometer can be enhanced by increasing the group index. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a slow light sensor by placing an active fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in one arm of the Michelson’s interferometer. A 25 KHz AC voltage was applied to a piezoelectric (PZT) set nearby the active FBG. Once the wavelength is varied to near the FBG band edge, the maximum phase-shifted amplitude appears, which is about 1.8 rad and is 4 times greater than that when wavelength is near the center of the reflection band. The active FBG is pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, which can help us to stabilize the system works in the slow light regime to obtain the maximum phase shift. It provides a very simple approach to increase the phase-shifted sensitivity, which is likely to have important applications for strain and acoustic sensors.
In this paper, a method for non-contact detecting the acoustic signal of tank gas leakage based on low-coherence optical fiber interferometer is presented. Vibration signals which caused by acoustic field of gas leakage are detected by low-coherence interference. The experimental results show that the vibration signals are wideband signals (0 Hz~90 KHz). While increasing the internal pressure, high-frequency components of the frequency spectrum have an obvious increasing trend, the amplitude and energy of the acoustic signal will both increase. The minimum detectable internal pressure of tank is 0.12MPa. The sensor is simple and reliable, and has a good practicability.
The orthogonal interferometer based on 1/8 wave plate generates orthogonal signals by optical
configuration. It is widely applied to interference system because of simple optical path and passive
demodulation scheme for easy operation. But in the process of demodulation, the DC component of the
signal needs to be eliminated. Because of the instability of light source and optical structure, the DC
component of the signal may change over time. Therefore the circuit subtracting a constant can not
thoroughly eliminate the DC component, causing the demodulation results are inaccurate. A improved
demodulation algorithm is proposed in this paper. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show
that, the demodulation method is almost not affected by the size of the DC component. When small
deviation in DC component occurs, the demodulation results keep stable and accurate.
In order to improve the resolution of laser Doppler interferometer, the noise of the system need to be suppressed. Through the analysis of the influence of laser relaxation oscillation mixing with signals in phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation, we can get a conclusion that the low-frequency part of the laser intensity noise have a greater impact on the signal to noise ratio of PGC demodulation. By using Optoelectronic negative feedback method, we can achieve effective suppression of the low-frequency laser intensity noise and laser relaxation oscillation peak, which reduce the influence of the mixing of the light source intensity noise, and the system signal to noise ratio (SNR) is improved.
In order to suppress peak-to-peak drift in traditional phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation, a novel ameliorated
PGC demodulation algorithm based on differentiate and cross multiply demodulation (DCM) and sum of squares of
orthogonal signals is proposed in this paper. This improvement has several advantages compared with the traditional
PGC algorithm. The drift of the light power is eliminated and will not be transferred to the output. The noise from the
light power is reduced much at the same time. Experimental results established by using dual-channel balancing
detection technology and digital demodulation have confirmed the low intensity noise of the ameliorated PGC algorithm
as expected as the theoretical analysis. The peak-to-peak value drift in the ameliorated PGC demodulation has been
suppressed effectively. According to the experimental results, the demodulated amplitude and the test signal amplitude assumes certain linear relationship. The conclusion has the important reference significance to improve the performance of the system.
An inter-mode interferometer based on a simple single-mode fiber by core-offset splicing is presented. Through
manually adjusting the horizontal displacement and the angle of two sections of core-offset fiber, we can achieve
maximum interference spectrum. Then we add a reflector at the end of the last single-mode fiber. This reflector can lead
the light to propagate twice in the offset single mode fiber structure so that we can get larger interference intensity, in the
experimental process we see a better extinction ratio. The proposed method can find application in strain, temperature
and vibration measurements and so on. By measuring the extinction ratio (ER) variation or wavelength shift of the
interference pattern in this paper, sensitivity measurement can be achieved. The sensitivity of strain and temperature
without reflector is respectively 10.38 pmμε and 31pm/ °C. When reflector added, it can increase the sensitivity of the strain and temperature at a certain degree.
KEYWORDS: Demodulation, Interferometry, Signal processing, Algorithm development, Vibrometry, Signal detection, Sensors, Wave plates, Signal generators, Analog electronics
The interferometric vibration sensor with quadrature detection can generate orthogonal signals by optical configuration.
The influence of the DC component existing in the interferometric orthogonal signals is discussed in this paper. The
signals were processed by time derivation and arctangent algorithm to demodulated the analog signals. Theoretical
analysis and experimental results prove that this method can be used to eliminate the DC component in the signal,
meanwhile, the micro-vibration signals can be measured accurately.
Laser Doppler vibration measuring system has been widely used in many fields, in order to eliminate the phase fading,
phase generated carrier (PGC) homodyne demodulation technology has been applied usually, and dual-optical-channel
balanced detection technology has been used to suppress the intensity noise of the light source. However, theoretical
analysis reveals that the intensity noise of the light source cannot be eliminate totally due to the modulation, which is still
the main noise in the system. In this paper, we consider the influence of the intensity noise of the light source and the
shot noise of the detectors. By numerical simulating, we analyze the origin of the noise, especially the influence of
remnant intensity noise to signal-to-noise ratio of the system, and find the optimal parameters of the system.
We present a theoretical analysis and a comparison to experimental results on self-mixing interference. From the theoretical analysis and experiment, the error of the velocity measurement, which is caused by a speckle pattern, has been investigated and optimization of the laser diode velocity system by selecting suitable experiment parameters and proper signal processing methods has been reported. The actual measurement error is <3.1% over a wide velocity range (5.2-479 mm/s).
A new fiber-optic microphone was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in this paper. The microphone is based
on Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometers, which comprise an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, a
conventional single-mode fiber, a fiber reflector and two 3dB couplers. As two light paths have the same optical length
but travel different sequence paths in this hybrid interferometer, the beams in different paths pass through the sensing
fiber at different times and the phase signals differ from each other. Utilizing the two light paths interfered and fiber
waveguide modulator replaced by piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) modulation, to implement the direct acquiring of weak
voice signals. Adoption of the ASE light source and the single-mode fiber as sensing fiber decreases the system cost. The
application of the fiber waveguide modulator overcomes the limitation in high frequency and nonlinear effect of PZT
modulation, improves the flexibility of the system and the frequency response range. Phase shifts of the two interfered
beams, which is caused by the slowly varying environmental parameter, is equal to eliminate the influence from outside
effectively. In this system, the signal demodulation circuit based on weak voice signal is simpler than the PGC
demodulation circuit. The experimental results of the fiber-optic microphone based on waveguide modulator have been
demonstrated that the simple circuit demodulation for the weak voice signal is feasible.
The phenomena of homodyne and resonating in optical fiber rings (OFRs) are experimentally investigated. The beat noise characteristics in passive OFRs and active OFRs are revealed. The beat noise spectra of OFRs and homodyne interferometer with the same length of delay fiber line are compared. A substitute homodyne
interferometer configured by band-reject OFR is proposed.
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