Wildfires are a key aspect of many ecosystems, but climate change has created conditions more conducive for devastating wildfires. Thus, it is imperative that relevant agencies know where small fires occur expeditiously. Remote sensing is a key tool for active fire detection (AFD), and satellite imagery in particular is useful due to covering wide areas. Semantic segmentation architectures like U-Net have been used for AFD and have proven very effective. In this paper, we apply a unique variant of U-Net called ResWnet towards AFD, using a large global dataset. ResWnet achieved a precision of 95% and an F-Score of 94.2%, which is better than a U-Net trained on the same dataset.
KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Diffusion, Image processing, Ice, Education and training, Colorimetry, RGB color model, Model based design, Statistical modeling, Image segmentation
As global warming causes climate change, extreme weather has become more common, posing a significant threat to life on Earth. One of the important indicators of climate change is the formation of melt ponds in the arctic region. Scarcity of large amount of annotated arctic sea ice data is a major challenge in training a deep learning model for the prediction of the dynamics of the melt ponds. In this research work, we use diffusion model, a class of generative models, to generate synthetic arctic sea ice data for further analysis of meltponds. Based on the training data, diffusion models can generate new and realistic data that are not present in the original dataset by focusing on the data distribution from a simple to a more complex distribution. First, simple distribution is transformed into a complex distribution by adding noise, such as a Gaussian distribution and through a series of invertible operations. Once trained, the model can generate new samples by starting from a simple distribution and diffusing it to the complex distribution, capturing the underlying features of the data. During inference, when generating new samples, the conditioning information is provided as input alongside the starting noise vector. This guides the diffusion process to produce samples that adhere to the specified conditions. We used high-resolution aerial photographs of Arctic region obtained during the Healy-Oden Trans Arctic Expedition (HOTRAX) in year 2005 and NASA’s Operation IceBridge DMS L1B Geolocated and Orthorectified data acquired in 2016 for the initial training of the generative model. The original image and synthetic image are assessed based on their chromatic similarity. We employed evaluation metric known as Chromatic Similarity Index (CSI) for the assessment purposes.
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