The human olfactory bulb (OB), an important part of the brain responsible for the sense of smell, is a complex structure composed of multiple layers and cell types. Studying the OB morphological structure is essential for understanding the decline in olfactory function related to aging, neurodegenerative disorders, and other pathologies. Traditional microscopy methods in which slices are stained with solutions to contrast individual elements of the morphological structure are destructive. Non-destructive high-resolution technique is the X-ray phase-contrast tomography. However, manual segmentation of the reconstructed images are time-consuming due to large amount of data and prone to errors. U-Net-based model to optimize the segmentation of OB morphological structures, focusing specifically on glomeruli, in tomographic images of the human OB is proposed. The strategy to address overfitting and enhance the model's accuracy is described. This method addresses the challenges posed by complex limited data containing abundant details, similar grayscale levels between soft tissues, and blurry image details. Additionally, it successfully overcomes the limitations of a small dataset containing images with extremely dense point clouds, preventing the models from overfitting.
Despite significant progress in computer vision, pattern recognition, and image analysis, artifacts in imaging still hampers the progress in many scientific fields relying on the results of image analysis. We here present an advanced image-based artifacts suppression algorithm for high-resolution tomography. The algorithm is based on guided filtering of a reconstructed image mapped from the Cartesian to the polar coordinates space. This postprocessing method efficiently reduces both ring- and radial streak artifacts in a reconstructed image. Radial streak artifacts can appear in tomography with an off-center rotation of a large object over 360 degrees used to increase the reconstruction field of view. We successfully applied the developed algorithm for improving x-ray phase-contrast images of human post-mortem pineal gland and olfactory bulbs.
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