We present design and analysis of an all-optical 2:1 and 4:1 multiplexer. With the ever-growing demand for high-speed data communication, there is a need for an efficient and reliable optical multiplexing technology. Our research aims to revolutionize optical signal processing by leveraging the unique properties of optical micro ring resonator to enhance their multiplexing capabilities. Through detailed simulations and analyses, we showcase the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design and highlight the potential for achieving high-speed data transmission in optical networks. Logic gates serve as the fundamental building blocks for creating combinatorial and sequential models. However, existing architectures often require numerous micro-ring resonators for the development of logic gates such as AND, OR, and NOT, which results in significant space consumption. To address this issue, we have designed and simulated a 4:1 optical multiplexer by utilizing a combination of a 2:1 optical multiplexer and reversible micro-ring resonator.
Integrated Optic waveguide-based sensors are promising solutions for various applications, notably in the label-free detection of chemical and biological substances. For optimal sensitivity, the guided mode should interact with biomaterial. In this proposed work, we have considered Hollow-core waveguides and Strip waveguide-based biosensors. Hollow-core waveguides are analyzed as optofluidic devices in which bio-analytes form the core. Guiding light within a hollow-core optofluidic waveguide involves confining it to a region of higher refractive index, enclosed by cladding material of lower refractive index. Strip waveguide - Silicon on Insulator (SOI) has been considered for simulation purposes. Bulk sensing and Surface sensing scheme mechanisms were used to study the variations when bio analyte was encountered with waveguide material. In this article, we have modeled, simulated, and analyzed two types of waveguides viz., Optofluidic channel with biomaterial as core, bulk sensing with biomaterial as clad covering the Silicon strip waveguide, and surface sensing with biomaterial covering the surface of the waveguide. Optofluidic channel with sensitivity in the range of 2.4*10 -2 /RIU to 2.8*10 -2 /RIU; Bulk sensing sensitivity in the range of 2.5*10 -1 /RIU to 3.7*10 -1 /RIU; Surface sensing sensitivity in the range of 1.96*10 -2 /RIU to 2.9*10 -3 /RIU for different biomaterials. We here observed results and limitations for design guidelines. Our findings would assist in choosing an appropriate platform and optimizing sensitivity by the effective refractive index for the given bio applications
Integrated Optic Micro ring Resonator-based sensors are suitable for lab-on-chip applications due to their smaller footprint. Optical sensors are sensitive to detecting small changes in external parameters. Simultaneous detection of multiple gases present in the atmosphere is crucial for several civilian and military applications. Integrated optic micro ring resonators are promising sensing devices. In this paper, machine learning techniques are used in the classification and detection of gases for a sensor of a Micro Ring Resonator (MRR) array . In this paper machine learning techniques are used to reduce the data to be used for the analysis and improve accuracy of the sensor. Three target gases in the proposed model are Ammonia, Methane and Carbon on each ring simulated in this work. The features and influences on wavelength, transmittance, concentration of gases, and ring radius have also been analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Clustering algorithm has been used for the classification and detection of different gases. The Davies Boulden Index is calculated as 0.57 which shows the distance between the clusters. The sensor has a sensitivity of 0.35 nm/ppm.
Silicon-On- Insulator (SOI) technology has huge potential in fabricating compact devices for various applications such as integrated optic waveguides, directional couplers, resonators etc. In this work, we present the analysis of a biosensor based on an integrated optic racetrack resonator, interrogated by a bus waveguide. The biomaterial is applied as a cladding layer. Here we analyze the coupling between the resonator and the bus waveguide, and its dependence on the bio layer. In traditional analysis, the effective refractive index and resonator total path length are the factors influencing the resonant wavelength. Our analysis shows that all parametric values decrease with increase in waveguide width and spacing. The inclusion of waveguide mode overlap and perturbation in coupled mode equation results in enhanced resonator sensitivity of an order of magnitude
We report the simulation and analytical results obtained for homogenous or bulk sensing of protein on Siliconon-
insulator strip waveguide based microring resonator. The radii of the rings considered are 5 μm and 20 μm;
the waveguide dimensions are 300 × 300 nm. A gap of (i) 200 nm and (ii) 300 nm exists between the ring and
the bus waveguide. The biomaterial is uniformly distributed over a thickness which exceeds the evanescent field
penetration depth of 150 nm. The sensitivities of the resonators are 32.5 nm/RIU and 17.5 nm/RIU (RIU - Refractive index unit) respectively.
In this paper we propose and analyze a novel racetrack resonator based vibration sensor for inertial grade application.
The resonator is formed with an Anti Resonance Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) structure which offers the
advantage of low loss and single mode propagation. The waveguide is designed to operate at 1310nm and TM mode of propagation since the Photo-elastic co-efficient is larger than TE mode in a SiO2/ Si3N4/ SiO2. The longer side of the resonator is placed over a cantilever beam with a proof mass. A single bus waveguide is coupled to the resonator structure. When the beam vibrates the resonator arm at the foot of the cantilever experiences maximum stress. Due to opto-mechanical coupling the effective refractive index of the resonator changes hence the resonance wavelength shifts. The non uniform cantilever beam has a dimension of 1.75mm X 0.45mm X 0.020mm and the proof mass has a dimension of 3mm X 3mm X 0.380mm. The proof mass lowers the natural frequency of vibration to 410Hz, hence designed for inertial navigation application. The operating band of frequency is from DC to 100Hz and acceleration of less than 1g. The resonator has a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of 893pm and produces a phase change of 22.4mrad/g.
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