This paper reports a flexible and disposable ZnO blended cellulose hybrid nanocomposites (Cellulose/ZnO hybrid) film and its feasibility for a resistive glucose biosensor. Cellulose/ZnO hybrid film was fabricated by simply blending ZnO nanoparticles with cellulose solution prepared by dissolving cotton pulp with LiCl/DMAc solvent. Cellulose/ZnO hybrid film was cured in isopropyl alcohol and water mixture and free standing film was obtained. For biosensor application, the enzyme glucose oxidase was immobilized into the Cellulose/ZnO hybrid film by physical adsorption method. The enzyme activity of the glucose biosensor increases as the ZnO weight ratio increases linearly in the range of 1-12mM.
Nondestructive Structural health monitoring (SHM) system using wireless sensor network is the one of important issue
for aerospace and civil engineering. Chipless passive wireless sensor system is one of novel methods for SHM which
uses the electromagnetic wave characteristic change by geometrical change of electromagnetic resonators or impedance
change of functional material sensing part without RFID chip. In this paper, the chipless passive wireless SHM sensor
using frequency selective surface (FSS) is investigated. Electromagnetic characteristic change of FSS by mechanical
strain or structural damage is investigated by simulation and experiment.
In this paper, feasibility of a wireless mechanical strain sensor based on dipole antenna is investigated. The geometry,
deformation and load impedance of feeding lines for dipole antenna can change the electromagnetic resonance
frequency, magnitude of resonance and phase angle of antenna. Planar dipole antenna is designed for X band and made
on a flexible polymer substrate is fabricated using a conventional photolithography process. Fabricated dipole antenna is
attached to a plastic cantilever beam. The return loss of the dipole antenna sensor is characterized using a network
analyzer. The strain sensitivity of the sensor is tested by correlating the return loss variation with the bending strain of
the cantilever beam.
Haptic is one of well-considered device which is suitable for demanding virtual reality applications such as medical
equipment, mobile devices, the online marketing and so on. Nowadays, many of concepts for haptic devices have been
suggested to meet the demand of industries. Cellulose has received much attention as an emerging smart material, named
as electro-active paper (EAPap). The EAPap is attractive for mobile haptic devices due to its unique characteristics in
terms of low actuation power, suitability for thin devices and transparency. In this paper, we suggest a new concept of
haptic actuator with the use of cellulose EAPap. Its performance is evaluated depending on various actuation conditions.
As a result, cellulose electrostatic force actuator shows a large output displacement and fast response, which is suitable
for mobile haptic devices.
Piezoelectricity is one major actuating mechanism of cellulose Electro-active paper (EAPap). In order to enhance
piezoelectric performance of cellulose, thin piezoelectric sodium-potassium niobate, Na0.5K0.5NbO3(NKN), film on
cellulose, silicon and glass substrates was deposited by magnetron sputtering method. As grown NKN layer on different
substrates was characterized by XRD, AFM and electrical measurements. By increasing the RF power, crystal structures
were observed from the NKN films on silicon and glass substrate, while no peak was observed from cellulose due to
microcracks of films. The detail structural and electrical observation was discussed.
Recently, cellulose has been discovered as a smart material that can be used as sensors and actuators. This newly
discovered material is termed as electro-active paper (EAPap) that has merits in terms of lightweight, flexible, dryness,
biodegradable, biocompatible, easy to chemically modify, cheap and abundance. The actuation principle of cellulose
EAPap bending actuator is known to be a combination of piezoelectric effect and ion migration effect. This paper
presents further investigation of cellulose EAPap for its possibilities in biomimetic actuator, sensor, MEMS, acoustic
devices and others. Biomimetic actuator is made with cellulose EAPap by fabricating rectifying antenna (rectenna) array
on it. Cellulose EAPap material is customized to satisfy the material requirement for actuators and other devices. The
material improvement all about cellulose EAPap is introduced. To fabricate the rectenna array, micro patterning of
metallic layer in conjunction with Schottky diode fabrication on the cellulose was made. The Schottky diode fabrication
allows possibility of thin film transistor fabricated on a cellulose paper. Microwave power transmission is demonstrated
by using rectenna arrays, which can be used for many applications. Some of the device fabrication along with brief
demonstrations is illustrated.
Actuation mechanism of chitosan-blended cellulose (CBC) electro-active paper (EAPap) bending actuator was
studied using a theoretical model and experimental data. The model of bending displacement of EAPap is combined ion
traveling model with multi-layer cantilever beam model. Also, the result of the model is compared with experimental
data. From this model, we can predict actuation behavior as well as redistribution of ions inside of CBC EAPap under
different humidity levels and electric fields. Therefore, the actuation model of EAPap can be applied to investigate the
electro-mechanical actuation behavior of EAPap devices such like artificial muscles, micro robots and other various
actuators.
Novel smart materials have been suggested for various sensor applications such as chemical sensor, bio sensor, wireless
communication, and radio frequency identification (RF-ID) devices. It was reported that bio-compatible and as well as
bio-degradable, naturally abundant, and flexible piezoelectric cellulose electro-active paper (EAPap) had a great
industrial potential due to its piezoelectricity. Here we studied the feasibility of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices
using thin piezoelectric cellulose EAPap. The single inter-digit transducer (IDT) pattern with 10 μm finger width was
designed and fabricated on thin piezoelectric EAPap using lift-off technique. The frequency response to different vapor
dose of isopropyl alcohol under will be presented.
Electro-active paper (EAPap) is a new smart material that has a potential to be used in biomimetic actuator and sensor. It
is made by cellulose that is very abundant material in nature. This material is fascinating with its biodegradability,
lightweight, large displacement, high mechanical strength and low actuation voltage. It has been reported that ionic and
piezoelectric effects play a dominant roll in the actuation mechanism. However, the electromechanical actuation
mechanisms are not clearly established yet. This paper presents the modeling of the actuation behavior of water infused
cellulose samples and their composite dielectric constant calculated by Maxwell- Wagner theory. Electro-mechanical
forces are calculated using Maxwell stress tensor method. Also, bending deflection is evaluated from simple beam model
and compared with experimental observation.
Cellulose Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) has been reported as a new smart material that can be used as sensors and
actuators. This material is attractive due to its advantages of biodegradable, lightweight, dryness, large displacement
output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. Its actuation principle has been known as a combination of
ion migration and piezoelectric effects. Although extensive investigations have been made on mechanical properties,
chemical and physical characteristics, the electrical properties have not been studied. This paper presents an
investigation into the electrical breakdown strength of EAPap, which is important for determining the electric field limit
for EAPap actuator. AC dielectric breakdown strength is measured with different humidity levels, according to ASTM
standard. The measured data are statistically analyzed and it was found that failures associated with the formative stages
of a breakdown mechanism might result in Weibull Statistics. As the humidity of the sample increases, the stress levels
on cellulosic portions of the sample are enhanced, leading lower breakdown strength. This investigation will give an
insight in understanding EAPap material.
Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) has been interested in due to its merits in terms of lightweight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage, low power consumption and biodegradability. EAPap actuator has been made with cellulose material. Cellulose fibers are dissolved into a solution and extruded in a sheet form, and thin gold electrodes are made on it. This out-of-plane bending deformation is useful for achieving flapping wings, micro-insect robots, and smart wall papers. On the other hand, in-plane strains, such as extension and contraction of EAPap materials are also promising for artificial muscle applications since the Young's modulus of EAPap materials is large. Therefore, we intended to investigate the in-plane strain of EAPap materials in the presence of electric fields. The EAPap samples preparation and the in-plane strain measurement are explained. The test results are shown in terms of electric field, frequency and the orientation of the samples. The power consumption and the strain energy of EAPap samples are discussed. Although there are still unknown facts in EAPap materials, this in-plane strain may be useful for artificial muscle applications.
This paper presents a new Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) made by mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with cellulose solution. EAPap material is attractive as smart materials due to its merits in terms of lightweight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage, low power consumption and biodegradability. However, there are some challenges in EAPap material in improving and frequency band. For the sake of this, MWNT is mixed in the cellulose solution. This approach will enhance not only the mechanical property but also the electrical property of EAPap material. Cellulose solution is made with non-aqueous solvent, DMAc/LiCl, and MWNT are mixed by stirring and sonicating. The mixed solutions are cast into a sheet form by means of spin coating. Physical and electrical characteristics of these samples are examined via X-Ray Diffractogram, SEM. The performance of these EAPap materials is tested in terms of tip displacement, blocking force, electrical power consumption with frequency and humidity. An optimal weight ratio of MWNT is investigated to satisfy the goal of materials. From the characterization and performance evaluation results, the actuation mechanism of the new EAPap material is addressed.
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