Training prepares first responders for disasters including terrorist attacks. To train effectively it should be as realistic as possible and elicit the stress response. We are developing a profile that will be a marker for intensity of stress as well as differentiate stress from exertion. We have monitored stress during several training scenarios for different groups including civilian SWAT teams and the military. In addition, we can monitor stress to exposure to nonlethal weapons. We have monitored stress during exposure to blunt impact using a paintball paradigm. We have measured salivary substances (such as cortisol and DHEA [markers for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]) and amylase [marker for the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system], physiological parameters (such as activity and heart rate), and neuropsychological assessment tools (such as Borg's perceived exertion scale, Spielberger's STAI and Thayer's ADC). With these neuroendocrine, physiological and behavioral indices in hand, we are poised to examine stress induction in preparedness in trainees.
We have performed analysis of the requirements for an optical dazzler, designed and built a three-wavelength source with a baseline beam projector, and a Smart Beam Projector that can point the beam, and adjust the laser power for a particular target. The source is based on diode lasers, and diode pumped lasers in the Red, Green and Violet ranges of wavelengths. Each laser can be independent adjusted in output power, and pulse duration. The beams are combined using optical fibers, and the source fits in a 1/4 cubic foot Pelican Box, and can run off a battery for field testing. The baseline beam projector can be mounted to a rifle or pistol. The Smart beam projector is designed for laboratory testing at this time. The operation of the prototype system will allow a variety of combinations of laser power, and pulse length to give a varying spatial and temporal profile of illumination. The system is to be tested by the Army for effectiveness. A next generation of dazzler is under construction that will allow microprocessor control of pulse power and duration, increasing the variety of illumination spatial and temporal patterns and more fully utilizing the Smart beam projector capabilities.
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