Hybrid glass parts composed of dissimilar glass sections are an attractive route to integrate multiple functions onto a single substrate and offer the potential to fabricate advanced laser sources, amplifiers, lossless splitters and other photonic devices such as Fabry-Perot etalons. We review the most promising bonding technologies, placing particular emphasis on techniques that do not require the use of high processing temperatures. In particular, we discuss in detail a recently developed low temperature bonding technology that relies on inorganic adhesives. Characterization of interfacial joints prepared with this inorganic technology indicate low insertion loss, high mechanical strength and chemical resistance to attack during the conventional lithographic and ion exchange steps employed to fabricate waveguide structures.
Phosphate glasses have become increasingly popular for planar waveguide devices owing in part to the development of a number of different commercial compositions with a wide range of optical, physical, chemical and laser properties. In addition, the recent development of low temperature bonding technology has made possible the fabrication of structures involving multiple glasses prepared as a single hybrid substrate. Combined, these new materials and technologies make possible the creation of devices with increasing integration and complexity. Here, we present passive characterization data collected on glass joints prepared with the low temperature bonding technology and active performance data of a hybrid DBR laser where the surface relief grating has been fabricated in the passive glass region of a hybrid substrate.
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