We present a Geometric Phase (GP)-based Sagnac Anti-Resonant Ring (ARR) interferometer mirror (GP-mirror) for achieving tunable optimum output coupling in Continuous Wave (CW) Doubly Resonant Optical parametric oscillator (DRO). The DRO is designed using a nonlinear crystal MgO: PPsLT of 30 mm length and a grating period of 7.97 μm with a GP mirror in one arm of the standing wave cavity. The GP mirror is constructed using a quarter wave-plate (λ/4), half wave plate (λ/2), and quarter wave-plate(λ/4) at +45◦, θ, -45◦ with respect to vertical polarization, respectively. The DRO output transmission can be varied continuously from 0.6% to 50%, attaining optimum output coupling of 1.4% for maximum power extraction of 2.45 W when pumped with an incident power of 5 W at 47◦C crystal temperature at signal and idler wavelength of 1054 nm and 1074 nm, respectively. The maximum pump depletion of 89% is obtained with a conversion efficiency of 49%. The transmission through a GP-based mirror delivers the tunable optimum output power across the tuning wavelength range ⪆ 90 nm. This showcased GP-mirror concept presents an avenue for enhancing the capabilities and management of coherent sources adjustable across various spectral ranges and across all time scales, ranging from continuous-wave to ultrafast femtosecond domains.
We have generated and propagated both diffracting and non-diffracting speckles using the scattering of perfect optical vortices. The diffracting speckles have been realized in the near field and non-diffracting speckles have been realized in the far field, i.e. after taking the Fourier transform of near-field speckles using a simple convex lens. We found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. These results may find applications in classical cryptography and communication as we have both varying and non-varying random field patterns with propagation distance.
Optical Speckles has many extraordinary applications like subwavelength focusing, aberration-free imaging, etc. which are not possible even with a highly coherent optical field. This makes it necessary to study the fundamental properties of such Optical Speckle fields. In the recent past, the polarization correlation vortex phase was experimentally realized in vector speckle field generated by scattering of Poincare beam. Higher-order correlations have also been studied in such vector speckle fields. Moving further into this direction, we have studied the first-order polarization correlations in the focused vector speckle field. We have generated a vector speckle field by scattering of Poincare beam. Which is then allowed to be focused using a spherical and a cylindrical lens. The focused vector speckle field intensities at different planes around the focal plane were recorded to get polarization correlations at each plane. It was observed that the charge of the input vortex beam before scattering is still present in the polarization correlation of the focused vector speckle field. We have also observed charge inversion of polarization correlation vortex focused through a cylindrical lens. The importance of this study relies in the fact that it provides, with supporting experimental and simulation results, that the polarization correlation obeys the wave equation. It could find application in optical image processing while analyzing any optical data, to find information about the source of the speckles, etc.
The slit diffraction of circular OV beams is studied both theoretically and by experiment, with explicit involvement of the incident beam convergence or divergence (finite value of the wavefront curvature radius). Based on the example of Laguerre-Gaussian mode with zero radial index and non-zero azimuthal index m we confirm that the far-field diffraction pattern contains exactly |m| bright lobes elongated orthogonally to the slit (which was reported previously) and show that the far-field profile possesses an asymmetry with respect to the slit axis depending on the wavefront curvature (which is a new result). Being combined, these features enable simple and efficient means for the simultaneous express diagnostics of the magnitude and the sign of the OV topological charge, which can be useful in many OV applications, including the OV-assisted metrology and information processing.
We experimentally generate the Bessel-Gauss coherence functions using the cross-correlations between the two speckle patterns obtained using the perfect optical vortices (POV) of different orders. POV beams are generated using the Fourier transform of Bessel-Gauss beams by displaying the axicon hologram on spatial light modulator. A ground glass plate is used for scattering POV beams and the speckles are recorded. The cross-correlation function of two speckle patterns is Bessel-Gauss functions whose order is given by the difference in the orders of two POV beams used for scattering. The auto-correlation function of these speckles is Bessel-Gauss function of order zero.
We report on development of tunable, cw, single frequency ultraviolet (UV) source based on intra-cavity frequency
doubling of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The singly resonant OPO (SRO) is realized using 25 mm long MgOdoped
periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite (MgO:sPPLT). The SRO, pumped in the green, is intra-cavity
frequency doubled using two different crystals β-BaB2O4 (BIBO) and periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) to generate
tunable UV radiation. The BIBO based source produces UV radiation with output power as much as 770 mW at 398.24
nm in elliptic (0.66) spatial beam while pumping at 8W of green power. The UV source can be tuned across 355.2-418
nm with a continuous wavelength tunability of 62.8 nm in single frequency radiation with instantaneous line-width of
14.5 MHz. On the other hand, the PPKTP based UV source generates maximum UV power of 336 mW at 398.28 nm and
wavelength tunability of 18.1 nm in a TEMOO spatial mode with ellipticity of 0.93 for 5W of green pump power. The
line-width of the UV radiation is measured to be 18.5 MHZ. In comparison, PPKTP based UV source provides better
performance than BIBO in terms of beam quality and power stability.
We construct a orbital angular momentum (OAM) Poincar´e sphere in which we can represent 2-D superposition
states of arbitrary OAM. In addition, we represent the mixed states of OAM as non separable states inside the
sphere. We also give an experimental set up to generate all points on this sphere.
We have experimentally observed the revival of the dark core in the far field intensity distribution in optical vor tices after scattering through rotating ground glass plate. The diameter and darkness of the core is independent of the speed of the rotating ground glass plate. They depend on the spot size and azimuthal index of the beam incident on it. This shows that the spatial coherence of the scattered light is independent of the speed of the rotating ground glass plate. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results based on the theory given by Wang, Cai and Korotkova (Opt. Exp. 17, 22366 (2009)).
We generate two dimensional Airy beams using a cubic phase mask and study its propagation through photorefractive
material experimentally. The diffraction free nature as well as the acceleration of Airy beams is observed. Using beam
propagation method (BPM), we confirm the experimental results. We also study the effect of an applied electric field on
the propagation of Airy beams through photorefractive materials numerically. It is observed that the applied field leads to
interaction between the lobes of Airy beams.
4 -[4 - (Dimethylamino) styryl) - 1 - docosyl pyridinum bromide ](abbreviated as DASPB) is a nonlinear dye which shows strong two-photon absorption (TPA) and subsequent frequency upconversion fluorescence behavior when excited with near infrared radiation. The dye possesses a much larger TPA cross section and much stronger upconversion fluorescence emission than those of common organic dyes (such as rhodamine). In order to increase the concentration of absorptive or fluorescent centers as well as the optochemical and optophysical stability and effective use of this highly nonlinear dye, it has doped in methyl methacrylate - methacrylic acid co-polymer (PMMA-MA). Linear absorption spectrum, single photon induced fluorescence spectrum and two photon induced fluorescence at different wavelength are studied. The nonlinear optical transmission at both linear absorption region and linear transmission region are studied using nano and pico second laser pulses. The optical limiting behavior of the dye is also studied in cw, pico and femto second region. Using Z-scan studies it is found that in linear absorption region, the DASPB doped in PMMA-PA shows saturation absorption at lower intensity and reverse saturated absorption at higher intensity. At transmission region above 800 nm, it has shown the absorption due to two photon induced fluorescence as well as reverse saturation absorption. With experimental results, the molecular TPA cross-sections and TPF cross-section of the sample are calculated.
With the use of high power lasers in varied applications, search for optical limiting materials has become very important to protect the eyes and other sensors. These materials are based on the principle of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) when absorption cross-section for excited state becomes more than the ground state. In such cases transmittance goes down as we increase the intensity. In this paper, we report the experimental results on two dye doped polymer films - Disperse Orange-25 and Disperse Yellow-7 prepared using hot-press technique. For both the dyes Polymehtylmethacrylate-Methacrylic acid (PMMA-MA) has been chosen as a matrix because of its easy availability and easiness of processing. We have used Z-scan technique with CW laser @ 532 nm to study nonlinear optical properties of these materials. The closed aperture Z-scan shows positive nonlinear refraction for both the materials. While the open aperture Z-scan gives RSA at higher intensities for both the samples, making them candidates for optical limiting.
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