Climate change caused by global warming has serious implications for the sustainable development of human society. Increasing concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gas, mainly CO2 and CH4, is an important cause of global warming. The satellite-based greenhouse gas monitor can efficiently monitor the concentration and distribution of global greenhouse gases, which is of great significance to the study of global warming. One of the important development trends of satellite-borne greenhouse gas monitors is light weight and high performance. A satellite payload is designed in this paper which is applied to monitoring greenhouse gas emissions in certain area. After analyzing the relationship between spectral resolution, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and detection accuracy, the requirements of spectral resolution and SNR to detect 1ppm change of CO2 column concentration are determined. Then, a fixed-cavity Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon is selected to be the spectroscopic element and its parameters are determined. Other optical system parameters are obtained based on satellite remote sensing requirement. Finally, the optical system of compact Fabry-Perot imaging spectrometer is designed according to the parameters above. This imaging spectrometer consists of three parts: telescope system, a spectroscopic system based on F-P and imaging system. The whole size of optical system of spectrometer is 160mm*160mm*480mm, it is a miniature and simplify instrument with high performance.
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