Four Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) / Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing images in 2000, 2004, 2011 and 2014 are used and a single-window algorithm is adopted to quantitatively retrieve land surface temperatures (LST) of Taiyuan City. A density slicing method is used to classify the city as an urban heat island. Land use types are classified in combination with a support vector machine. The relationships between LST and land use/land cover types, vegetation coverage and impermeable surfaces are analyzed, and those relationships between surface temperatures and impervious surfaces, vegetation, bare land and water bodies are studied quantitatively. The results show that the influence of the impervious surface on LST is much larger than that of vegetation, bare land and water bodies. The main factors affecting the surface temperature of Taiyuan City in the past 14 years are identified. Although the area of vegetation and bare land has either slightly increased or decreased, the increase in impervious surface area is the direct cause of the urban heat island effect of Taiyuan.
In this paper, the decision tree classification based on the CART algorithm (Classification and Regression Tree) is used to extract the impervious surface area of Nantong city in Jiangsu Province in China. Impervious surface dynamic change nearly 25 years in Nantong city is researched using four periods Landsat images of 1990, 2003, 2008, and 2014. The results show that the classification precision based on the CART algorithm is higher, which can more accurately extract the impervious surface. During the 25 years, the trend of the impervious surface of Nantong is increased year by year. Urban construction and expansion is one of the driving forces of the impervious surface increase.
Fuxian Lake located in the middle of Yunnan Province is second deepest lake in china. The water level of Fuxian Lake descends and its water area reduces in recent years owing to the climate changing. Therefore, it is crucial for rational utilization of lake resources to study the change trend of Fuxian Lake’s area. Landsat images from 1974 to 2014 were used to monitor Fuxian Lake’s area change. Monitoring results show that there are four apparent features of Fuxian Lake’s area: (1) Years in which Fuxian Lake’s area are larger are concentrated in 2006 to 2009. (2) From 1974 to 1990, Fuxian Lake’s area change has a trend of decrease. (3) From 1990 to 2005, Fuxian Lake’s area change shows a rise trend on the whole. (4) From 2005 to 2014, there is an obvious decrease trend of Fuxian Lake’s area change.
In many interpolation methods, with its simple interpolation principle, Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation is one of the most common interpolation method. There are anisotropic spatial structures with actual geographical spatial phenomenon. When the IDW interpolation is used, anisotropic spatial structures should be considered. Geostatistical theory has a characteristics of exploring anisotropic spatial structures. In this paper, spatial interpolation approach based on IDW with anisotropic spatial structures is proposed. The DEM data is tested in this paper to prove reliability of the IDW interpolation considering anisotropic spatial structures. Experimental results show that IDW interpolation considering anisotropic spatial structures can improve interpolation precision when sampling data has anisotropic spatial structures feature.
The silicate glass micro-particles of co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ were prepared by a combustion process and
characterized from the spectroscopic point of view, with the aim of investigating the effect and mechanisms of
upconversion emissions. The upconversion emissions at 522nm and 547nm have been obtained by exciting the silicate
glass micro-particle [about 30μm in diameter] under 976nm diode laser excitation. The excitation intensity was up to
about 1800W/cm2. It was observed that the intensity ratio of the 522-nm emission to the 547-nm emission (I522nm/I547nm)
in silicate glass increased when increasing the excitation intensity. I522nm became larger than I547nm when the excitation
intensity was above 300W/cm2. It is proposed that the phenomenon resulted from the rise of the temperature of the
sample measured.
Digital elevation model (DEM) based on Delaunay triangulation can better express the feature of the terrain surface and
avoid significantly data redundancy. There is, however, litter research on the surface model of DEM based on Delaunay
triangulation. The main surface model of DEM is linear interpolation function based on triangulated irregular network
(TIN). Many researches show that the effect of smoothness and continuity is not ideal. Aiming at the problem of linear
interpolation based on TIN of DEM that local part is substituted by plane, the whole surface is not smooth and there is
great difference in the actual terrain, this paper put forward a new surface interpolation model based on Convex Hull
(CH) in Delaunay triangulation. This method is that the known reference points can be well-distributed around the
inserting point. The interpolation model is based on the effective dynamic subdivision of CH area of the triangle
influenced set as the weight. This paper combines with the actual alpine terrain data and uses Root Mean Square Error
(RMSE) and Maximum Error (ME) to evaluate and analysis the experimental results. The experiment shows that our
method has more effective in structure and precision.
In order to investigating the effect of wavelength on laser blood therapy, we test the fluorescent spectra of human blood. The wavelengths of exciting lights are 530 nm and 632.8 nm respectively. The result indicates that the light of 530 nm induces much stronger fluorescence, and the emitting spectra induced by 632.8 nm is rather different from the spectra induced by the light of 530 nm. This result suggests that the processes of interaction between laser and blood vary with the wavelength of the radiating lights, so the biological effects of the light to blood can differ with wavelength. These facts might have some meanings to the further research for explaining mechanisms of the laser blood therapy.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of low-level laser radiation on erythrocyte membranes. The method of seif-hemolysis test of erythrocyte was employed in the research. Blood is taken from the vein of a healthy human. The blood was diluted by physiological salt water. Samples ofthe blood are divided into laser groups and control groups. Each sample of the blood was of 2m1 in volume and was put in a test tube. Each test tube of laser groups was radiated by He-Ne laser for about 40 minutes. The output power of laser vary from 1 mW to 8mW for different test tubes. After the laser radiation, the sample of the blood in test tubes was kept in 37CC for 24 hours, and then was tested for the haemolytic ratio. The result of the research showed that the haemolytic ratio of erythrocyte of laser groups was slightly larger than that of the control groups, and the bigger of the laser power, the larger of the haemolytic ratio of erythrocyte. This result indicates that the low-level laser radiation on blood can influence the membranes of red blood cell. This influence can be a stimulation to red blood cells. It can improve the membranous property and functions of red blood cell under some conditions. This result would be helpful to understand the mechanisms of the Intravascular Low-Level Laser Irradiation Therapy (ILLLIT).
A method of designing reflecting and transmitting units of uniform scattered incident beam in accordance with designated space angle is introduced, and the way to make the integrated optical devices make up of those units is presented, too. Future application is predicted.
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