In this paper, we propose a novel design to construct a near-to-eye display with an appearance resembling that of a
regular eye wear. Our design combines a scanning display engine with a diffractive exit pupil expander. Both of these
components have been used separately earlier, but we propose to combine them in a single device. This allows the
construction of a smaller and lighter display system, as well as a more power efficient design as compared to traditional
micro display based systems. In our design the light source can be moved away from the display to decrease the weight
and size. An exit-pupil expander based on diffractive optics allows a size and weight efficient way to build a near-to-eye
display with a large exit pupil. A large exit pupil is desired in near-to-eye displays to accommodate the eye movements
and to improve the comfort and ease of the use. The diffractive exit-pupil expander also allows a switchable see-through
feature; enabling the viewer the see the surroundings together with the displayed information. In the paper the operation
and the design of the proposed near-to-eye display are described. We also present modeling results that support the
validity of the design, and finally some preliminary measurement results are given.
A concept of asymmetric exit-pupil expansion for head-worn virtual displays is introduced. Expression for
the achievable field of view (FOV) of a stack of asymmetric pupil expanders is derived. Comparison with the
symmetric case indicates a possibility for doubling the horizontal FOV for given material parameters and spectral
bandwidth. Using the parameter values of readily available plastics, the horizontal field of view approaching the
viewing conditions of typical desktop monitors should be possible. Moreover, improvement of the illumination
uniformity can be achieved through optimized positioning of the out-coupling diffraction gratings.
KEYWORDS: Cameras, Modulation transfer functions, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Distortion, Spatial frequencies, Machine vision, Image analysis, Digital cameras, Imaging systems
Particularly for miniature camera modules, manufactured in high volumes, characterization and measurement approaches are needed that provide information on camera key properties efficiently. An integrated measurement system named has been developed that uses images taken on specifically designed test chart targets, which are then automatically analysed by software. The chart combines target elements for measurement of optoelectronic conversion function, resolution, noise, uniformity, distortion and colour reproduction. The software applies machine vision to recognize the various target elements from the images, and to register analysis locations properly. The actual analysis methods conform with existing standards. The software includes graphical user interface, and in addition to the automatic analysis, also user-defined analysis can be flexibly done. The software supports modifications in the chart layout, batch analysis of images and storing the results in spreadsheet report format.
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