Differences and similarities of the chemical composition (ions, trace elements, PAHs) of the driven atmospheric aerosol collected in the autumn period of 2022 along the routes 89th and 90th cruises of the R/V "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in the Kara Sea area were revealed. (RSF) № 21-77-20025.
The results of the study of the chemical composition of the snow cover in Ulan-Ude and the background area of the Republic of Buryatia in 2022 are presented. It was established that the snow melt waters in Ulan-Ude belonged to the sulfate class, calcium group. The maximum concentrations of major ions and compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined near thermal power facilities. The relative content of the suspended form of total phosphorus in snow melt water was significantly higher than the content of its dissolved form. Nitrate nitrogen was the predominant form of mineral nitrogen. The accumulation of most pollutants in the snow cover in Ulan-Ude was significantly higher than in the background area.
The first data on spatial and temporal distribution of carbon-containing (soot) aerosol in the atmosphere over Lake Baikal based on the results of comprehensive expeditions 2021-2022 and at the atmospheric monitoring station in Listvyanka settlement are presented
Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol, atmospheric precipitation, and dry deposition in the industrial center of the Eastern Siberia, town of Irkutsk, in 2019-2020 was analyzed. 2019 is characterized by the record-breaking forest fires in the Siberian Region for the last 10 years. Sulfur and nitrogen streams flowing with atmospheric depositions to the underlying surface in Irkutsk were calculated. Sulfur and nitrogen inputs with atmospheric precipitation were higher than with dry depositions. It is noted that the flows of these substances were more intensive in 2019, especially during the warm season of the year. This study was supported by the State Project 0279-2021-0014.
The elemental composition of aerosol in the atmosphere of the research station Ice Base “Baranov Cape” based on 2017- 2020 measurements was studied. The elements, most prevalent in the earth’s crust, dominate in the composition of aerosol. The seasonal and annual variability of the concentrations of elements in the composition of aerosol is shown. During the summer and spring periods, the concentrations of Li, Cd, As, V, Cj, Sb, Sn, Se, Pb, B, Tl, U, Be, Th, Ag, and W increase multiple times.
The chemical composition of aerosol and precipitations on the southwest coast of Baikal during intensive forest fires in Krasnoyarsky Kray and Yakutia in July 2018 was analyzed. An increase in the concentrations of ions and PAHs in the fine fractions of aerosol particles (<1.3μm) sampled in Listvyanka was observed. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, SO4 2- and PAHs in the composition of the aerosol in Bolshie Koty within the period were increased. According to the analysis of the synoptic situations and chemical composition of atmospheric depositions, the aerosol sampled in 15-18 June 2018 was a product of forest fires.
In this research, we analyzed the long-term variability and seasonal dynamics of NH4+, Ca2+, NO3-, SO42- ions prevailed in surface aerosol layer at the monitoring sites in the Baikal Region. During the warm period the chemical composition of the aerosol forms mainly due to the soil-erosion source; during the cold period power plants emissions are the most significant source. Quantitative estimates of the ion content in the aerosol at the monitoring sites, which indicate spatial heterogeneity of its chemical composition in the atmosphere of the Baikal Region, are given.
The article presents the study of the spatial and timely concentration dynamics of the main polluting gas impurities (O3, SO2 and NOx) at three permanent sites of atmospheric monitoring in the south of Eastern Siberia. The monitoring measurements were carried out by passive, forced and direct methods that showed a good correlation varying between 0.7 and more. The results of the study have confirmed the previously determined trends of the annual course in the distribution of ozone in the ground atmosphere at the monitoring sites: maximum values of ozone concentration were in the spring (March-April), and minimal – in the autumn (September-October). Short-term fluctuations of the concentrations of the ground ozone in urban conditions depended on the content of anthropogenic gas impurities. The content of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides in the urban and rural areas was significantly affected by seasonal and interannual fluctuations depending on air temperature changing throughout the year (more in the winter, less in the summer) and on different years (more in cold years and less in warm years). At the Listvyanka site, increased concentration of the analyzed gases was in the warm season as well. It is caused by the high recreational load of the settlement as one of the largest touristic zones at Baikal in the Irkutsk Region.
Based on data of seven expeditions, we considered the specific features of the spatial distribution of aerosol physicalchemical characteristics over Arctic seas in Russia. It is shown that the average aerosol and black carbon concentrations and aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere decrease by a factor of 2-2.5 in the direction from west to east. A more detailed analysis in the sectors of the Barents and Kara Seas revealed a tendency toward a decrease in aerosol characteristics in the northeast direction. We noted that the average ion concentrations in aerosol composition are close in value over the Barents and Kara Seas. Continental and maritime sources make nearly identical contributions to ion composition of aerosol over these seas.
Based on data of 7-year (2011-2017) measurements in the Arctic settlement Barentsburg (Spitsbergen archipelago), we discuss the seasonal and interannual variations in aerosol characteristics: atmospheric aerosol optical depth and nearground concentrations of aerosol, absorbing substance (black carbon), ions, as well as gas-phase species. For certain aerosol characteristics (especially in 2011 and 2012) we noted an anthropogenic effect of settlement, i.e., dust, black carbon, and pollutants from heat and power plant.
Since 2011, the Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO SB RAS, Tomsk) and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (AARI, St. Petersburg) conduct field studies of near-ground aerosol characteristics at the Spitsbergen archipelago (Barentsburg) in the spring and summer seasons. The following parameters are measured in the atmospheric surface layer: aerosol particle number density and volume particle size distribution; mass concentrations of aerosol and absorbing matter (black carbon); coefficients of total aerosol scattering and aerosol backscattering in the visible spectral region. The experimental findings obtained in 2011– 2015 are reported. Peculiarities of the seasonal and year-to-year variability of the aerosol characteristics are revealed. The results of investigation of the chemical composition of the near-ground aerosol in Barentsburg are discussed.
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