Biopolymers are actively used in tissue engineering for the production of biomedical products with desired and controlled properties. Particular attention is paid to the creation of an artificial biomimetic matrix - a framework for targeted regeneration, effective cell growth and their integration with the surrounding tissue. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of interference microscopy for studying the structural, functional and biological properties of biopolymer matrices based on fibroin and chitosan. The analysis of the thickness, relief features, and structure of biopolymer matrices was carried out using methods of superresolving interference and atomic force microscopy. We used a MIM-340 laser modulation interference microscope (Shvabe, Russia) with following technical characteristics: resolution in the lateral plane - 13 nm; vertical resolution - 0.1 nm; the range of measurement of linear vertical dimensions - 0.01–0.10 μm, in the lateral plane (for a 20x lens) - 0.1–8.0 μm; field of view of the measuring channel in the lateral plane of not less than 20 microns. Atomic force microscopy was performed on the basis of the NtegraPrima micro-cantilever system (NT-MDT, Russia) in semi-contact mode. We visualized and quantified the relief and heterogeneity of the internal structure of biopolymer matrices in the obtained interferograms. The effect of the addition of fibroin and jenipine on the thickness, roughness, and structural uniformity of the composite matrix coating has been studied. To assess the biocompatibility, adhesive and immunogenic properties of chitosan and fibroin-containing polymers, populations of living cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils and mesenchymal stem cells) were used. High informativeness of the QPI in the study of the morpho-functional properties of films and nanofiber materials was established. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of new biopolymer composites, the most promising samples for creating medical devices with characteristics as close to physiological as possible are determined.
In the last years, there has been an increasing interest to the elaboration of new biocompatible and biodegradable medical polymers meant to contact the living body milieu. Amine-based biopolymer films with intrinsic biological activity have a significant potential for the synthesis of contemporaneous materials intended for surgery and tissue engineering. Our investigation is aimed to perform a non-invasive assessment of the structural characteristics and biological properties of biodegradable polymeric composites with anti-inflammatory activity, by means of ultra-high resolution laser interferometric microscopy.
Various samples of biodegradable polymers were studied with a phase-modulation laser interferometric microscope MIM-340 (Yekaterinburg, Russia) at a wavelength of 532 nm and magnification of x 20, with superficial plane resolution of up to 15 nm, vertical resolution of 0,1 nm and possibility to control the relief depth of up to 600 nm.
We have performed an in vitro non-invasive assessment of the impact of the structure, composition and modification conditions of the obtained biopolymer composites on the viability, adhesive properties and functional activity of the living blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets). We propose a number of densitometry criteria to identify the most promising biopolymer samples for the development of medical products with characteristics maximally resembling the physiological ones.
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