The detection technology between trans-air and water media is a hot research issue in the world's major oceanic countries, in order to study the laser detection technology between air and underwater, this paper establishes a model of LIDAR trans-media detection of angular reflector targets in the oceanic background, and discusses the LIDAR echo power in different oceanic environments and when the target is in the seawater at different depths. The results show that the return power of the laser decreases as the depth of the target in seawater increases; when the chlorophyll background concentration in seawater increases, the return power of the laser decreases; when the wind speed on the surface increases, the return power of the laser still decreases due to the increase of the roughness of the sea surface as well as the increase of the concentration of the air bubbles in the upper layer of the ocean. The results of this study provide a basis for the use of laser technology for trans-air-water medium detection.
Vortex optical field is widely used in optical communication, particle control, quantum information and other fields due to its special physical structure. Coherence is an important inherent property of the beam, with unique advantages in resistance to speckle noise and atmospheric turbulence disturbance. In this paper, taking the cosine-Gaussian correlation function as an typical example, a mathematical model of the cosine-Gaussian-correlated Schell model vortex (CGCSMV) source is established. Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral, and the generalized anisotropic turbulence spectral model, we derive an analytical expression for the far-field cross spectral density function of a CGCSMV beam propagating in anisotropic turbulence. Lastly, we perform numerical simulations of the behaviors of the far-field spectrum of our beam. The results of this paper have some practical reference value for the new optical field regulation, optical communication and lidar system.
The original point cloud data acquired by 3D scanning equipment has a large number of noise points, which will seriously affect the subsequent work such as point cloud alignment and surface reconstruction. To address this problem, we propose a point cloud smoothing and denoising algorithm based on the local neighborhood change factor. The algorithm classifies the noise in the point cloud into singular and non-singular points according to the magnitude of the surface change factor of each point. For singular points, the improved median filtering algorithm is used to correct the singular points; for non-singular points, the density difference function is introduced in the bilateral filtering algorithm and smoothed by using the improved bilateral filtering algorithm. The smoothing and denoising experiments are conducted for different data models. The experimental results show that the method in this paper can effectively remove the point cloud noise and smooth the point cloud surface while preserving the detailed features of the point cloud. Compared with the bilateral filtering algorithm, the algorithm in this paper is both maximum error and the average error are reduced.
Cirrus clouds are widespread in the atmosphere. The inhomogeneous distribution of ice crystals in the cirrus cloud has a serious impact on laser communication with high accuracy requirements. This study improves the traditional model and proposes inhomogeneous plane-parallel model for laser transmission in different atmospheric environments. In the model we consider the vertical variation of ice particle density. Four examples demonstrate direct transmission and first-order scattering power in four different environments (rural, city, ocean and desert) after a 1.55 μm laser transmits through inhomogeneous cirrus clouds. The results show that the closer the receiving terminal is to the ground, the greater the attenuation of the laser by atmospheric molecules and aerosols. When the visibility is 5km, the attenuation in the city is greater than in the rural. When the aircraft is in the cloud, inhomogeneous cirrus clouds cause direct transmission and firstorder scattering to be different between the cloud top and the cloud base. This study will provide a more accurate theoretical model for the application of laser communication to aircraft and serve as a guideline for further laser communication experiments and network technology research.
Based on angular spectrum expansion and 4x4 matrix theory, our works have combined the traditional vortex optical theory with the latest Topological insulator (TI) to present the reflection and transmission characteristics of an Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beam from a multilayered topological insulator slab. The reflected and transmissed beam intensities from three-layered TI slab are numerically simulated. It is shown that the distortion of intensity distribution is greatly affected by the topological magneto-electric polarizability of TI. The method presented in this article not only colud be extended to different TI-layers but could reveal unusual photonic band structures and band gaps in TI photonic crystals in further research.
In this paper, we simulate cylindrical and conical aircraft’s Doppler spectra caused by its spin. The characteristics of Doppler shift spectra and backscattered power are analyzed when the reflectance of aircraft surface material is Lambert and exponential terms. The results show that the Doppler frequency shift is doubled as well as the radius is doubled with the same height. When the radius remains unchanged and the height increases, the backscattered power increases. Compared with the Lambertian case, the backscattered power in the exponential case decreases faster with the Doppler shift from the peak and increases faster with time. These findings results can be used to detect flying targets in space.
This paper deals with the simulation of laser bi-static scattering imaging about lambertian cylinders. Two-dimensional imaging of a target can reflect the shape of the target and material property on the surface of the target. Two-dimensional imaging has important significance for target recognition. Simulations results of laser bi-static two-dimensional scattering imaging of some cylinders are given. The laser bi-static scattering imaging of cylinder, whose surface material with diffuse lambertian reflectance, is given in this paper. The scattering direction of laser bi-static scattering imaging is arbitrary direction. The scattering direction of backward two-dimensional scattering imaging is at opposite direction of the incident direction of laser. The backward two-dimensional scattering imaging is special case of bi-static two dimensional scattering imaging. The scattering intensity of a micro-element on the target could be obtained based on the laser radar equation. The intensity is related to local angle of incidence, local angle of scattering and the infinitesimal area on the surface of cylinder. According to the incident direction of incident laser and normal of infinitesimal area, the local incidence angle can be calculated. According to the scattering direction and normal of infinitesimal area, the local angle of scattering can be calculated. Through surface integration and the introduction of the rectangular function, we can get the intensity of imaging unit on the imaging surface, and then get mathematical model of bi-static laser two dimensional scattering imaging about lambert cylinder. From the results given, one can see that the simulation results of laser bi-static scattering about lambert cylinder is correct.
technology. Laser one-dimensional range profile can reflect the characteristics of the target shape and surface material. These techniques were motivated by applications of laser radar to target discrimination in ballistic missile defense. The radar equation of pulse laser about cone is given in this paper. This paper demonstrates the analytical model of laser one-dimensional range profile of cone based on the radar equation of the pulse laser. Simulations results of laser one-dimensional range profiles of some cones are given. Laser one-dimensional range profiles of cone, whose surface material with diffuse lambertian reflectance, is given in this paper. Laser one-dimensional range profiles of cone, whose surface mater with diffuse materials whose retroreflectance can be modeled closely with an exponential term that decays with increasing incidence angles, is given in this paper. Laser one-dimensional range profiles of different pulse width of cone is given in this paper. The influences of surface material, pulse width, attitude on the one-dimensional range are analyzed. The laser two-dimensional range profile is two-dimensional scattering imaging of pulse laser of target. The two-dimensional range profile of roughness target can provide range resolved information. An analytical model of two-dimensional laser range profile of cone is proposed. The simulations of two-dimensional laser range profiles of some cones are given. Laser two-dimensional range profiles of cone, whose surface mater with diffuse lambertian reflectance, is given in this paper. Laser two-dimensional range profiles of cone, whose surface mater with diffuse materials whose retroreflectance can be modeled closely with an exponential term that decays with increasing incidence angles, is given in this paper. The influence of pulse width, surface material on laser two-dimensional range profile is analyzed. Laser one-dimensional range profile and laser two-dimensional range profile are called as laser range profile (LRP).
Profile information about a three-dimensional target can be obtained by laser range profile (LRP). A mathematical LRP model from rough sphere is presented. LRP includes laser one-dimensional range profile and laser two-dimensional range profile. A target coordinate system and an imaging coordinate system are established, the mathematical model of the range profile is derived in the imaging coordinate system. The mathematical model obtained has nothing to do with the incidence direction of laser. It is shown that the laser range profile of the sphere is independent of the incidence direction of laser. This is determined by the symmetry of the sphere. The laser range profile can reflect the shape and material properties of the target. Simulations results of LRP about some spheres are given. Laser range profile of sphere, whose surface material with diffuse lambertian reflectance, is given in this paper. Laser one-dimensional range profile of sphere, whose surface mater with diffuse materials whose retro-reflectance can be modeled closely with an exponential term that decays with increasing incidence angles, is given in this paper. Laser range profiles of different pulse width of sphere are given in this paper. The influences of geometric parameters, pulse width on the range profiles are analyzed.
This paper deals with the laser bistatic two-dimensional scattering imaging simulation of lambert cone. Two-dimensional imaging is called as planar imaging. It can reflect the shape of the target and material properties. Two-dimensional imaging has important significance for target recognition. The expression of bistatic laser scattering intensity of lambert cone is obtained based on laser radar eauqtion. The scattering intensity of a micro-element on the target could be obtained. The intensity is related to local angle of incidence, local angle of scattering and the infinitesimal area on the cone. According to the incident direction of laser, scattering direction and normal of infinitesimal area, the local incidence angle and scattering angle can be calculated. Through surface integration and the introduction of the rectangular function, we can get the intensity of imaging unit on the imaging surface, and then get Lambert cone bistatic laser two-dimensional scattering imaging simulation model. We analyze the effect of distinguishability, incident direction, observed direction and target size on the imaging. From the results, we can see that the scattering imaging simulation results of the lambert cone bistatic laser is correct.
characteristics of Gaussian beam scattering from the target, which is the statistical average and mutual correlation function of the statistical characteristics. Under the laser beam incidence, numerical method is used to calculate the correlation function of a sphere are change with scattering angles in different radii, material, incident condition, and so on. The mutual correlation functions of metal materials are larger than that of non-metallic materials. There have a stronger backward-scattering of metal sphere and a stronger forward-scattering of non-metallic sphere. Roughness of material surface and dimension of sphere have bigger influences on the correlation functions of scattering fields. And mutual correlation functions have same distribution in different polarization. Our works will be further be based on studying other high order statistical moments of laser beam scattering from target with rough surface.
Laser one-dimensional range profile, that is scattering power from pulse laser scattering of target, is a radar imaging technology. The laser two-dimensional range profile is two-dimensional scattering imaging of pulse laser of target. Laser one-dimensional range profile and laser two-dimensional range profile are called laser range profile(LRP). The laser range profile can reflect the characteristics of the target shape and surface material. These techniques were motivated by applications of laser radar to target discrimination in ballistic missile defense. The radar equation of pulse laser is given in this paper. This paper demonstrates the analytical model of laser range profile of cylinder based on the radar equation of the pulse laser. Simulations results of laser one-dimensional range profiles of some cylinders are given. Laser range profiles of cylinder, whose surface material with diffuse lambertian reflectance, is given in this paper. Laser range profiles of different pulse width of cylinder are given in this paper. The influences of geometric parameters, pulse width, attitude on the range profiles are analyzed.
The development of laser range profile, Doppler spectra and Range Resolved Doppler imaging technologies including the experiments, simulations and engineering applications have been summarized and reviewed in this paper. It was analyzed the problems of the laser radar imaging system which need to solve in experiments and models. The achievements and the key technologies of Range profile, Doppler spectra and Range Doppler imaging laser radar are reported in detail. Different typically theoretical simulated models have been built to show the last technologies of target recognition for laser radar in order to be based on the further studying on designing the laser radar imaging systems in many applications and offering the precise data of the detected target.
It has used the two-frequency mutual coherent function to study pulse scattering from one dimensional perfectly conducting rough surface. So this paper is mainly focused on that the analytical expressions for incoherent mutual function(MCF) for pulse scattering from one-dimensional random rough surface are obtained based on the Kirchhoff’s approximation. According to the analytical solutions, numerical methods are shown that coherent and incoherent mutual function(MCF)change with the coherence bandwidth frequency difference and scattering angles in different incident angles incidence on laser(1.06μm)according to the mean of fluctuating heights and correlation length of the rough surfaces. And some important scattering characteristics of the coherent and incoherent mutual function(MCF)are be obtained in details. Our works is helpful when investigating the statistical characteristics of laser scattering fields of objects with rough surface.
Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the altitude-dependent model of the ITU-R atmospheric
turbulence structure constant model, we derive an expression for the intensity correlation function of a partially coherent
beam wave through the slant turbulent medium. The result shows that as compared to Gaussian beam, intensity
correlation of partially coherent beam wave is found smaller; with the inner-scale decreases, wavelength increases and
turbulent strength increases, the intensity correlation tends to decrease.
The experimental measurement and image processing methods are combined to study the visible light scattering characteristics from target in this paper. The Xenon lamp is utilized as a visible light source which incidence the target with rough surface and measure the characteristics of light scattering. The original experimental images must be
obtained by light receiver and data gathering. The gray value is integrated in the target regions so that the whole visible
light scattering characteristics have been analyzed. As a researching example, two kinds of bigger and smaller simple
targets include clubs, cylinders and their combinations are discussed, which dimensional proportion of them is 1:2. The scale-model ratio of the backward light scattering from target is proportional to the square of dimensional scale. The important of our works is that the integral gray value can make known the illumination of the detected target, which is
the important parameter in visible light detection. It is significance to detect the target in the applications with the visible
light.
Based on the Kirchhoff's approximation, analytical expressions for pulse scattering mutual coherence function (MCF)
and the Double Frequency Scattering Section (DFSS) from moving rough random surface are presented. From
expressions, we find that the MCF and DFSS have related with the coherence bandwidth frequency difference, and the
speed of the rough surface. Some important scattering characteristics of calculations based on the analytical solutions
will be further discussed in details.
It is utilized the morphology filter and self-adaptive genetic algorithm to present the morphology filter with selfoptimized
genetic algorithms (MFGA) for detecting IR image signature of the target. According to training the
structuring element from original image data, some constraint conditions such as the prior knowledge and statistics laws
, we summarize a judgment rule on finding out the best of structuring elements. As two special applications about IR
image signature of the detections, one is detected solid thruster plume IR image and the other is weak-small infrared
target under complex background. Compared the experimental results of the MFGA with those of the morphology filter
(MF), we find that the MFGA has high convergence speed, greatly enhanced the Signal Noise ratio of target detection
and effectively detecting target from complex background. And the experimental results and methods have a great
significance in aerial forecasting and space defense.
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