Skin disease is primarily diagnosed visually, but this subjective approach can lead to misdiagnosis, particularly for darkly-pigmented patients where increased melanin leads to more subtle disease appearance. Inflammation is characterized by shifts in tissue fluid, and the short-wave infrared (SWIR 900-1700 nm) regime, where water absorbs strongly and melanin absorbs weakly, may therefore be a pigment-insensitive modality for assessing skin inflammation. We built a multispectral SWIR imaging system and tested its ability to detect tissue fluid after intradermal saline injection in 24 healthy subjects with diverse pigmentation. Saline injection regions had 20-50 times more contrast than unaffected skin in SWIR images compared to visible photography, regardless of the degree of pigmentation. SWIR multispectral imaging may offer a new window into assessing inflammatory skin diseases in a pigmentation-independent manner.
Understanding pigmentation’s effect on pulse oximetry is critical amid evidence that pulse oximetry is less accurate for patients with pigmented skin. Optical phantoms can help validate oximeters, but commercial phantoms do not vary pigmentation. We develop a resin-based 3D printing method that generates mechanically flexible phantoms with tunable optical properties and <100 µm diameter channels. Using a reflectance-mode Maxim 86171 pulse oximeter, we evaluate how photoplethysmogram waveforms change as phantom pigmentation increases, and test an algorithm for estimating pigmentation from waveforms alone. 3D-printed phantoms can provide a platform for testing pulse oximeter performance across the spectrum of human pigmentation.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the US, and while Mohs microsurgery is curative in the majority of cases, inaccurate presurgical visual estimation of tumor margins leads to the need for more than one stage in 30% of cases. Dual wavelength optical polarization imaging (OPI) provides accurate presurgical delineation of tumor margins, but existing OPI devices are not easily translated to the dermatology clinical setting. We found that the clinically ubiquitous dermatascope can be repurposed as a handheld OPI system that has functionality on par with existing OPI devices at a fraction of the cost.
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