This work describes how spray/puddle development can be simulated using two separate sets of dissolution rate parameters. The first set of values is derived under continuous spray conditions and represents the wetting, or `spray,' period of the process; the second set, derived during stationary puddle development, deals with the remaining process period. The validity of decoupling the two development stages is supported by the good agreement between SAMPLE simulations and experimental results. Process windows and clearing doses are calculated and measured for a fixed time development process, as the spray to puddle time ratio is reduced from one to zero.
The work reported here is concerned with using a chemically amplified, positive tone, alkaline developable photoresist for patterning 0.3 - 0.5 (mu) features by exposing with monochromatic light at (lambda) equals 248 nm. More specifically, this class of materials employs tertiarybutoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) protected polyhydroxystyrenesulfone polymer and typically a nitrobenzyl ester photo acid generator, usually referred to as the CAMP resist. Since the lithographic performance of these materials has been already reported, the emphasis of this work falls on the pattern transfer and especially the dry etching/resist stripping steps. As a matter of reference, only an example of the lithographic performance is shown, indicating the starting point for the plasma etching work.
This paper describes how absolute thickness data obtained from a track development rate monitor (TDRM) can be used to quantify resist dissolution in a very accurate manner. There is a demonstration of how bulk dissolution rate, surface inhibition, and post exposure bake (PEB) effects can be characterized. An empirical surface inhibition model is derived and accompanied by a description of how the required input parameters can be extracted from TDRM output. Three different development processes (immersion, continuous spray, and puddle) are fully characterized for two separate resist systems and the observed similarities and differences are discussed.
Design and operation of an on-line Track Development Rate Monitor (TDRM) for track development systems are described. Dissolution data, measured using this equipment, for spray and puddle development processes is presented and compared to those derived from a conventional immersion DRM. Immersion data has traditionally been used to model all development. The validity of this is discussed. Also presented is an off-line technique for evaluating dissolution rates which utilize no specialized DRM equipment. The dissolution rates as measured by this technique are compared with those obtained from the TDRM/DRM methods. Simulations using all the calculated dissolution parameters are compared with SEM cross sections so that a practical evaluation of the various techniques can be made.
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