Mr. Marcel Philipp Held Profile

Marcel Philipp Held

at Leibniz Univ Hannover

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Publications (4)

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Paper

Micro pixel LEDs: design challenge and implementation for high-resolution headlamps

Marcel Philipp Held, Gerolf Kloppenburg, Roland Lachmayer

Proceedings Volume 10940, 109401U (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509336

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Headlamps, Reflection, Image resolution, Light sources, Prototyping

Read Abstract +

High-resolution vehicle headlamps represent a future-oriented technology that can be used to increase traffic safety and driving comfort. Typically, selective absorbing of light using a spatial modulator like DMD, LCD or LCoS creates the light distribution of such headlamp systems. A similar effect can be generated by using LED arrays. Its additive principle generates light only in specific segments if necessary. In general, these arrays can be distinguished between conventional LEDs arranged in an array and micro pixel LEDs. Conventional LED arrays characterize by the design (THT or SMD) with typically a few millimeters edge length. In contrast, a micro-pixel LED uses COB technology, in which individual LED dies are packed in a single housing directly next to each other at a distance of a few microns. By increasing the array resolution, the challenges in designing an optical system for high-resolution headlamps rise. High efficiencies and contrasts call for small, accurate lens geometries and negligibly scattered light effects. Due to limited installation space and manufacturing tolerances, compromises have to be made. Ideally, the optics have to be accurate enough to image each pixel of the micro LED with high contrasts and high efficiency and still be too blurry to project the gaps between each pixel. This results in small distances between LED and optics and therefore in diffcult to manufacture radii of curvature. In this paper we specify the challenges to implement micro pixel LEDs in headlamp systems, as well as present the controllability of scattered light effects of these systems.

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2018 Paper

Analysis of LED arrangement in an array with respect to lens geometry

Peer-Phillip Ley, Marcel Philipp Held, Roland Lachmayer

Proceedings Volume 10554, 1055405 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290253

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Imaging systems, Lens design, Optical imaging, Headlamps, Light sources, Xenon, Geometrical optics, Halogens, Collimation

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Highly adaptive light sources such as LED arrays have been surpassing conventional light sources (halogen, xenon) for automotive applications. Individual LED arrangements within the array, high durability and low energy consumption of the LEDs are some of the reasons. With the introduction of Audi's Matrix beam system, efforts to increase the quantity of pixels were already underway and the stage was practically set for pixel light systems. Current efforts are focused towards the exploration of an optimal LED array density and the use of spatial light modulators.

In both cases, one question remains - What arrangement of LEDs is the most suitable in terms of light output efficiency for a given lens geometry? The radiation characteristics of an LED usually shows a Lambertian pattern. Following from the definition of luminous efficacy, this characteristic property of LEDs has a decisive impact on the lens geometry in a given array. Due to the proportional correlation between the lens diameter and the distance of LEDs emission surface to the lens surface. Assuming a constant viewing angle an increase of the distance leads to an increase of the lens diameter.

In this paper, two different approaches for an optimized LED array with regards to the LED arrangement will be presented. The introduced designs result from one imaging and one non-imaging optical system, which will be investigated. The paper is concluded with a comparative analysis of the LED array design as a function of the LED pitch and the luminous efficacy.

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2018 Paper

Calculation comparison of an additive and subtractive light modulator for high-resolution pixellight headlamps

Marcel Philipp Held, Peer-Phillip Ley, Roland Lachmayer

Proceedings Volume 10554, 105541O (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2290238

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Spatial light modulators, Light sources, Headlamps, Digital micromirror devices, Semiconductors, Modulators, Light sources and illumination, Roads, Image resolution

Read Abstract +

High-resolution vehicle headlamps represent a future-oriented technology that increases traffic safety and driving comfort in the dark. A further development to current matrix beam headlamps are LED-based pixellight systems which enable additional lighting functions (e.g. the projection of navigation information on the road) to be activated for given driving scenarios. The image generation is based on spatial light modulators (SLM) such as digital micromirror devices (DMD), liquid crystal displays (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices or LED arrays. For DMD-, LCD- and LCoSbased headlamps, the optical system uses illumining optics to ensure a precise illumination of the corresponding SLM. LED arrays, however, have to use imaging optics to project the LED die onto an intermediate image plane and thus create the light distribution via an apposition of gapless juxtapositional LED die images. Nevertheless, the lambertian radiation characteristics complex the design of imaging optics regarding a highefficiency setup with maximum resolution and luminous flux. Simplifying the light source model and its emitting characteristics allows to determine a balanced setup between these parameters by using the Etendue and to ´ calculate the maximum possible efficacy and luminous flux for each technology in an early designing stage. Therefore, we present a calculation comparison of how simplifying the light source model can affect the Etendue ´ conservation and the setup design for two high-resolution technologies. The shown approach is evaluated and compared to simulation models to show the occurring deviation and its applicability.

Proceedings Article | 1 December 2017 Paper

Efficient conceptual design for LED-based pixel light vehicle headlamps

Marcel Philipp Held, Roland Lachmayer

Proceedings Volume 10603, 1060315 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292741

KEYWORDS: Light emitting diodes, Headlamps, Image resolution, Light sources, Luminous efficiency, Geometrical optics, Roads, Spatial light modulators, LCDs, Imaging systems

Read Abstract +

High-resolution vehicle headlamps represent a future-oriented technology that can be used to increase traffic safety and driving comfort. As a further development to the current Matrix Beam headlamps, LED-based pixel light systems enable ideal lighting functions (e.g. projection of navigation information onto the road) to be activated in any given driving scenario. Moreover, compared to other light-modulating elements such as DMDs and LCDs, instantaneous LED on-off toggling provides a decisive advantage in efficiency.

To generate highly individualized light distributions for automotive applications, a number of approaches using an LED array may be pursued. One approach is to vary the LED density in the array so as to output the desired light distribution. Another notable approach makes use of an equidistant arrangement of the individual LEDs together with distortion optics to formulate the desired light distribution. The optical system adjusts the light distribution in a manner that improves resolution and increases luminous intensity of the desired area.

An efficient setup for pixel generation calls for one lens per LED. Taking into consideration the limited space requirements of the system, this implies that the luminous flux, efficiency and resolution image parameters are primarily controlled by the lens dimensions.

In this paper a concept for an equidistant LED array arrangement utilizing distortion optics is presented. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the influence of lens geometry on the system efficiency whereas the second part investigates the correlation between resolution and luminous flux based on the lens dimensions.

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