The paper presents a novel optical approach to realize tracking on glass based on speckle effect produced by
vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The range of incident angle has been investigated which shows incident
angle in the range of 75 to 90 degrees is favorable to acquire a pure speckle field with purity better than 90%. In the
system, nearly grazing angle of incidence 85 degrees is introduced, and big operating current of VCSEL and high gain of
CCD are adopted to ensure signal detected. We analyze the cause of background contained in the image and remove
them by placing a barrier between the laser diode and charge coupled device (CCD) and an infrared filter in front of
CCD. After above-mentioned improvement of the system, a good linear dependence between displacement of speckle
images and amount of glass translation is proved by experiment and the slope of the fitted line agrees well with
theoretical predictions, the accuracy of tracking system is better than 4%.
The independent control of the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of the guided modes in coupled-cavity wavguides (CCWs) is investigated numerically. The CCWs are formed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PhC) consisting of a square array of dielectric rods in the air. The dielectric constant and radius of the rods in the perfect PhC is 11.56 and 0.18α, respectively, in which α is lattice constant. By using the plane wave expansion method (PWEM), the impact of two influencing factors on cutoff frequencies in CCWs is calculated systematically. Efficient methods have been demonstrated for tuning one cutoff frequency while keeping the other unchanged. The indepent control ranges of the upper and lower cutoff can be up to 67.85% and 68.57% of photonic band gap (PBG), respectively. The results can be applied to the design of PhC-based optical devices such as band filters and optical switches.
This paper presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of polarization properties used as Doppler velocimetry in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting lasers. A good match is found between numerical results and reported experiment results. We show that condition of generating square waves is the VCSELs must operated inside the bistable region and frequency difference between two linear polarization modes is equal to several certain values. We can select proper VCSELs which frequency difference between two linear polarization modes is multiple of ±3G to obtain asymmetric waveform of self-mixing signal.
We present a novel numerical model for an ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser. A comprehensive numerical model based on an iterative solution of propagation rate equations is used to analyze the impact of various laser variables. The dependence of laser output power on pump power, ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) length, and emission wavelength has been investigated, with the aim to optimize laser parameters with respect to emission wavelength and output power. Close to emission wavelength, the optical signal-to-noise ratio is higher than 65 dB. We also investigate that the initial oscillation is damped oscillation, and the laser output become steady-state output one millisecond later.
Multimode interference optical pulse power splitters for 1.053μm wavelength have been designed in this paper. The guided mode propagation analysis method is used to analyze the working principle of MMI power splitter. We designed the power splitters base on the analysis. Then finite difference beam propagation method (FDBPM) was used to analyze the splitting performance of the devices. At last, we analyzed the temporal performance of the device (such as pulse broaden) working for optical pulse input with the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The dispersion properties for ultra short 1.053μm optical pulses input were analyzed.
SM-LDV (Self-Mixing Type Laser Doppler Velocimeter) using single mode VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers) has many characteristic such as high accuracy of velocity measurement, low power dissipation and low cost. The saw-tooth waveform of Doppler signal can be used to discriminate the motion direction. Because of low light power of single mode VCSEL, the backscattered light is so weak that the saw-tooth waveform is not good enough to discriminate the motion direction. SM-LDV direction discrimination using single mode VCSEL modulated by triangular wave is not obviously dependent on the light power of Laser and its reliability is better. The dynamic range is very narrow when the VCSEL is modulated by constant frequency triangular wave. We present a method that VCSEL is modulated by triangular wave whose frequency is tracking the divided frequency of Doppler frequency shift (fD) and it can expand the dynamic range more than one order of magnitude. The results show that the dynamic range of direction discrimination can reach 5-500mm/s when the wavelength of single mode VCSEL is 850nm and the operating current is 8.6mA, the frequency of triangular wave is fD/16,the modulation current of triangular wave is 0.042mA.
The experiments show that the single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is better than the multilongitudinal-mode laser diode LDV in many characteristics, such as the accuracy of velocity measurement and the temperature range of the laser. Because the output power of the single-mode VCSEL is very low and only 0.7mW, the backscattered light received by the photodiode in the laser house is so weak that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Doppler signal is low. And the Doppler signal spectrum width spread and amplitude modulation envelope badly influence the velocity measurement accuracy. Analog phase-locked loop (PLL) has many characteristics, such as narrow band tracking filter, locking the signal with peak voltage and high rejection ratio of amplitude modulation. Using the analog PLL, the SNR of Doppler signal and the velocity measurement accuracy can be improved obviously. But because the locking range of the common analog PLL is narrow, we use difference frequency analog PLL to expand the locking range, and the dynamic range of velocity measurement can be greatly expanded. As a result, the velocity measurement accuracy of the single-mode VCSEL self-mixing LDV is better than 1% when the velocity range is from 30mm/s to 480mm/s.
A new, compact laser Doppler velocimetry is proposed, which is composed of a single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser modulated by a dynamical triangular current and a collimating lens. It can indicate the direction of velocity without ambiguity in the wide dynamic range of 5.2mm/s to 479.9mm/s when the sampling time is 0.1 second in the measurement. The accuracy of velocity measurement is better than 3.1% in the whole velocity range. What's more, this LDV works very well on different diffusing surfaces, even on a black glossy photographic paper.
A temperature-tunable polarization interference filter (PIF) made of YVO4 crystal has been presented and applied for wavelength monitoring of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser in a dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication system. This novel device offers a flexible way to monitor the operating wavelength of the transmitter over a wide capture range. Monitoring resolution of 0.02 nm can be obtained by measuring the temperature variation of the filter while its transmission value is kept at a constant value.
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