We are engaged in international standardization activities for 3D displays. We consider that for a sound development of
3D displays' market, the standards should be based on not only mechanism of 3D displays, but also human factors for
stereopsis. However, we think that there is no common understanding on what the 3D display should be and that the
situation makes developing the standards difficult. In this paper, to understand the mechanism and human factors, we
focus on a double image, which occurs in some conditions on an autostereoscopic display. Although the double image is
generally considered as an unwanted effect, we consider that whether the double image is unwanted or not depends on
the situation and that there are some allowable double images. We tried to classify the double images into the unwanted
and the allowable in terms of the display mechanism and visual ergonomics for stereopsis. The issues associated with the
double image are closely related to performance characteristics for the autostereoscopic display. We also propose
performance characteristics, measurement and analysis methods to represent interocular crosstalk and motion parallax.
We have developed a multi-view image integration system which combines seven parallax video images into a single video image so that it fits the parallax barrier. The apertures of this barrier are not stripes but tiny rectangles that are arranged in the shape of stairs. Commodity hardware is used to satisfy a specification which requires that the resolution of each parallax video image is SXGA(1645×800 pixel resolution), the resulting integrated image is QUXGA-W(3840×2400 pixel resolution), and the frame rate is fifteen frames per second. The point is that the system can provide with QUXGA-W video image, which corresponds to 27MB, at 15fps, that is about 2Gbps. Using the integration system and a LCD display with the parallax barrier, we can enjoy an immersive live video image which supports seven viewpoints without special glasses. In addition, since the system can superimpose the CG images of the relevant seven viewpoints into the live video images, it is possible to communicate with remote users by sharing a virtual object.
The step barrier technology with multiple parallax images has overcome the problem of conventional parallax barrier system that the image quality of each image deteriorates only in the horizontal direction. The step barrier distributes the resolution problem both to the horizontal and the vertical directions. The system has a simple structure, which consists of a flat-panel display and a step barrier. The apertures of the step barrier are not stripes but tiny rectangles that are arranged in the shape of stairs, and the sub-pixels of each image have the same arrangement. And three image processes for the system applicable to computer graphics and real image have been proposed. Then, two types of 3-D displays were developed, 22-inch model and 50-inch model. The 22-inch model employs a very high-definition liquid crystal display of 3840 x 2400 pixels. The number of parallax images is seven and the resolution of one image is 1646 x 800. The 50-inch model has four viewing points on the plasma display panel of 1280 x 768 pixels. It can provide stereoscopic animations and the resolution of one image is 960 x 256 pixels. Moreover, the structural or electric 2-D 3-D compatible system was developed.
We have newly developed a few kinds of new auto-stereoscopic 3D displays adopting a ray-regenerating method. The method is invented basically at Osaka University in 1997. We adopted this method with LCD. The display has a very simple construction. It consists of LC panel with a very large number of pixels and many small light sources positioned behind the LC panel. We have examined the following new technologies: 1) Optimum design of the optical system. 2) Suitable construction in order to realize very large number of pixels. 3) Highly bright back-light system with optical fiber array to compensate the low lighting efficiency. The 3D displays having wide viewing area and being visible for plural viewers were realized. But the cross-talk images appeared more than we expected. By changing the construction of this system to reduce the diffusing factors of generated rays, the cross-talk images are reduced dramatically. Within the limitation of the pixel numbers of LCD, it is desirable to increase the pinhole numbers to realize the realistic 3D image. This research formed a link in the chain of the national project by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) in Japan.
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