In this paper, the visible and infrared measurement data of different ground scenes are used as the modeling basis to build infrared scene models for typical ground scenes. The infrared spectrum data of GF-5 satellite were used to verify the simulation data of the ground scene that under the same detection conditions. Based on the acquisition of satellite infrared channel calibration data and spectral response curve, the infrared radiation of the interested background is obtained. The solar radiation value and atmospheric transmission (transmittance radiation) under the corresponding detection conditions are calculated. Based on the remote sensing test results, the error statistics of the calculation results of the ground object background infrared model are carried out. The results show that the maximum statistical error between the theoretical calculation results and the remote sensing test results is 29.0%, and the average absolute error of the six bands is 15.2%. From the comparison accuracy of remote sensing test data, the simulation results of the ground scenes simulation model are reasonable and the model has high reliability.
External field infrared measurement is often affected by environmental radiation, scattering, atmospheric transmission, and other factors, which cause the poor spatial correlation, low signal-to-noise ratio of the infrared images, and it is difficult to segment the target and background for quantitative calculation. Therefore, in this paper, a method of infrared image enhancement and segmentation for external field measurement is described; based on Butterworth high pass filter, an enhancement factor is proposed to improve the transfer function. An infrared image of a cargo ship on the sea is processed by this method. The results indicated that, this method can effectively segment the target and background, and provide support for the quantitative calculation of infrared characteristics.
Modern speedboats are widely used in maritime weapons. They have the characteristics of fast speed, small size and strong concealment, and can effectively attack target area. For the detection of infrared waveband, the infrared concealment design of speedboat is of great significance. For the water speedboats, the ship itself is mainly made of aluminum alloy, and driven by diesel engine. According to the analysis of infrared special distribution, the characteristics of high temperature on the hull surface caused by the engine operation are the most prominent radiation characteristics for the infrared detection. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the design of heat insulation materials on the hull surface to reduce the heat conduction capacity of the engine part to the hull surface. In this paper, based on the analysis of the radiation characteristics of the speedboat itself, the thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity are designed for the body part of the engine room, and the temperature and radiation characteristics of the surface of the boat are compared and analyzed. Through comparative analysis, it is found that after the low thermal conductivity material is used in the design, the average temperature reduction at the engine part is 10.2K, the medium wave radiance decreases 21.6%, and the long wave radiance decreases 12.5%. The research on the characteristic stealth of speedboat facing the marine environment has the necessary research value.
The traditional stationary target infrared simulation equipment has the shortcomings: single surface emissivity and unable to simulate the texture details of the target. In this paper, depending on the design of the emissivity of the coating, the simulation algorithm is used to simulate the infrared characteristics of the stationary target. After optimizing the simulation scheme, the effect of simulating the solid contour and detail texture characteristics of stationary target is achieved. It provides practical simulation materials for the development of infrared characteristic simulation equipment of stationary target.The simulation effect evaluation software is constructed through the evaluation method of image similarity. The simulation similarity results of infrared characteristics under different configuration schemes are given. The quantitative comparison and analysis about infrared characteristics of the simulated stationary target and real target is realized, which provides the evaluation basis for simulation effect.
For general power system, the thermal exhaust at the exit of funnel has obvious infrared radiation characteristics. In this paper, funnel exhaust plume about the dynamic system is modeled and analyzed. The 3D flow field of exhaust plumes is calculated based on CFD methods. A calculation method of high temperature exhaust plume's infrared radiation is obtained by spectral band model and calibration with C-G two parameters. And the effect of the detecting azimuth angle on the flow field and the infrared radiation of ship exhaust plumes is analyzed. It can be concluded that with the detection angles’ increasing, the space distribution of the exhaust plume shows a tendency to increase progressively. The difference of the radiation intensity of different detection angles can be up to 32.6%.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Data modeling, Vegetation, Thermal modeling, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation, Thermography, 3D acquisition, Image resolution, 3D image processing
Terrain modeling is different from target modeling. It is necessary to build terrain model by obtaining elevation information and distribution characteristics of terrain. In this paper, the SketchUp modeling software is used to construct the island terrain elevation model by capturing the three-dimensional map of Google Earth and grasping the terrain of the required geographical location. Multigen creator is used to increase the number of model nodes in order to improve the multi-level details of the island. Based on the island model generated above, the texture mapping is used to distinguish vegetation, rock, soil, sea water and other materials, and the corresponding physical materials are given to the topographic surface. The infrared thermal imaging model is established to simulate the infrared imaging. The results show that the contrast radiation of rocks, vegetation and sea surface in daytime is bigger than that at night. Affected by material density, heat conductivity and specific heat, the temperature of sea water and vegetation is similar at night. Due to the limited resolution of the acquired three-dimensional terrain, we can improve the resolution ratio of terrain data, optimize the terrain grid, establish more accurate physical model of islands, and carry out high fidelity infrared imaging simulation of islands.
The theoretical modeling of infrared radiation from sea background is an effective way to understand the optical properties of the ocean. In this paper, the height spectrum model of sea surface is constructed based on the empirical model of sea wave spectrum. The self-radiation of sea surface and the reflection of sea surface environmental radiation are calculated respectively and synthesized, and the simulation model of infrared radiation characteristics of sea surface is established. Based on the simulation model, the influence of environment on the infrared characteristics of sea surface is analyzed. The model can predict the infrared radiation characteristics of the ocean from the environmental meteorological parameters, and provide practical engineering models and databases for the development and operation of infrared weapons and equipment at sea.
The marine and air background images obtained by a single shipborne infrared sensor often have problems such as low contrast between target and background, high noise, and lack of complete target details, which bring great difficulty to the extraction of ship targets. This paper analyzes the basic features of the ship target in medium/long wave infrared image and proposes the basic model of ship target extraction based on the Markov Random Field (MRF) theory. According to the two-band target and background prior probability distribution, the energy minimization framework is added. Regional believable propagation (BP) algorithm is used to perform global optimization of the model, and image segmentation label is estimated according to MAP criteria. The experimental results show that the fusion extraction algorithm can retain the effective components in the original dual-band infrared image, and the extraction efficiency and accuracy are higher.
Typical natural backgrounds include land, sea, desert, sky and so on, and experimental measurement is an effective means to obtain background radiation data. Because the background infrared radiation is affected by season, weather and the angle of solar radiation, it is necessary to collect environmental parameters at the same time during testing. The screening and collection of major environmental parameters is crucial for subsequent radiation data processing. In view of this problem, first of all, the influence of environmental reference on background infrared radiation was theoretically calculated by MODTRAN software, and the main parameters were screened out. A test program for radiation measurement of natural background is formed, which is used as a reference for the design of background infrared radiation measurement.
SE-Workbench-EO as an advanced platform of IR scene simulation was introduced. The methods and application of ship IR scene simulation were studied based on SE-Workbench-EO. An infrared scene model of the ship target with the atmosphere and sea surface background is set up. Based on this model, the infrared radiation of the ship scene in the wavebands of 3-5μm and 8-12μm is analyzed. A complete process is achieved which contains model analysis, scene modeling and infrared imaging. It provided references to the infrared scene simulation of the ship and other targets.
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