The radially polarized vortex beams with excellent focusing characteristics, provide a useful tool for the self-assembly of chiral nanostructures of nanoparticles. Here we presented a simple method for producing cylindrical vector vortex beams. This technique involves converting linearly polarized scalar vortex beams into cylindrically polarized vector vortex beams without the need for strict dual-optical path alignment. The phase hologram loaded onto the spatial light modulators is newly designed to generate linearly polarized vortex beams with different topological charges, concentrating the energy mainly on the first-order diffractions and significantly increasing the energy utilization. Then, the generated beams are introduced to vector polarization using a q-plate to produce radial or azimuthal vector vortex beams. We prepared an AuNPs growth solution comprising CTAB (50 mM, 21.08 mL), HAuCl4 (20 mM, 140 μL), and AA (100 mM, 0.653 mL). SEM images and circular dichroism spectra of the AuNPs exhibit strong chiral nanostructures (L/D-PX AuNPs). We believe that the cylindrical vector vortex beams generated by this method can provide a useful tool for the self-assembly of chiral nanostructures, super-resolution microscopy, optical trapping, and more.
Reservoir computing (RC) is a computational framework for information processing based on neural network. It can be implemented with different physical platforms, principally, electronic architectures and photonic architectures. Photonic RC shows potential path to ultra-fast and efficient processing beyond the traditional Turing-von Neumann computer architecture. Typical photonics RC consider specifically a semiconductor laser (SL) with delayed feedback as reservoir substrate. Basically, the SL is a kind of type B laser, needing enough long delay feedback for the high dimensional chaos generation and for the RC mapping. But on the other hand, long delay feedback leads to the setup big size, being nonconductive of integration implement and stable operation performance in real world. To solve the problem of a huge size, we propose a new photonics RC scheme that using chaotic SL hybrid with Si3N4 micro-resonator, which works as the storage layer and feedback loop. The Si3N4 micro-resonator could help SL producing high-dimensional chaos and reaching high-complexity RC. Meanwhile, the size of Si3N4 micro-resonator is highly compressed at the level of ten micrometers, thereby realizing a size compression of over ten times than that of typical photonics RC setup. In our experiment, we make the free spectrum range (FSR) of micro-resonator is 35GHz, reaching the nonlinear frequency of SL. Then, with careful operation, two-mode mixing chaos can be realized, being very conductive for the photonics RC applications. These results are conducive for the development of on-chip photonic RC.
Convolutional neural network (CNN) has attracted widespread attention in image feature extraction and speech recognition owing to greatly reducing the complexity of model parameters and the number of weights, but it cannot be separated from the support of hardware accelerator. The limitations of electronic devices in terms of power, speed, and size make it difficult for current electron accelerators to meet the computational power requirements of future large-scale convolution operations. Here, we proposed a photonic vector architecture. This structure combines time, space and wavelength, and the non-volatile phase change material and the integrated microcomb form an optical matrix multiplier to realize memory calculation, thus reducing the energy consumption of reading weight data. The tooth spacing of the integrated microcomb is more than 100 GHz, and the microcomb coverage is from 1510 nm to 1610 nm. Finally, we replace the weight values in the CNN with the optimal weight values that the optics can achieve. The final recognition accuracy reached 97.04%, which is comparable to the efficiency of the first electronic equipment. Our results could be helpful for the development of non-volatile and ultra-fast optical neural network (ONN) with feathers of low energy consumption and high integration.
We proposed an integrated semiconductor laser scheme that combines an ultra-high Q silicon nitride microresonator with a DBR semiconductor laser, resulting in a tunable ultra-narrow linewidth laser. The experiment achieves tuning within the wavelength range of 1554.2-1557.15nm (about 370GHz), being almost ten times larger than that of reported DFB scheme. Moreover, the sidemode suppression ratio is low to 52dB with a ultra-narrow linewidth about 6.6kHz. It needs the joint adjustment of DBR operating current, coupling of the high-Q silicon nitride external cavity. These results can be applied in fields such as dense wavelength division multiplexing systems and integration LiDAR System.
Based on a high power InGAsP distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser coupling with an ultra-high-Q silicon nitride microring, we proposed a hybrid integration semiconductor laser scheme for realizing high power and narrow linewidth. For such a scheme, the high power DFB laser serves as the light source, whose output is efficiently coupled into the input waveguide port of ultra-high-Q silicon nitride microring through a silicon lens. Under the optical feedback provided by the Rayleigh scattering in the inhomogeneity silicon nitride microring, the laser may be driven into the self-injected locking state, under which the lasing linewidth can be obviously narrowed. The experimental results demonstrate that, adopting such a hybrid integration scheme, the lasing linewidth can be narrowed to 10 kHz and meanwhile the output power is maintained at the level of 20 mW. The hybrid integration semiconductor lasers have application prospects in some fields simultaneously requiring high coherence and high power, such as LiDAR and long-distance coherence communication.
In this work, a new scheme based on a Si3N4 microresonator for generating parallel pulsed chaos is proposed, and the performances of the parallel pulsed chaos and its application in imaging are experimentally investigated. Under optical injection with suitable injection parameters, the Si3N4 microresonator can output a continuous wave (CW) chaotic microcomb including nearly 100 comb lines. After passing through an acousto-optic modulator, the CW chaotic microcomb can be transferred into pulsed chaotic microcomb, in which each comb line provides a pulsed chaos. Therefore, parallel pulsed chaos signal can be generated. Taken the parallel pulsed chaos signal as the emitting resource of lidar, the quality of imaging has been analyzed. The experimental results show that clear target imaging can be achieved.
Silicon photonics is becoming the leading technology in photonics for a variety of new applications. However, due to the large volume and high cost of traditional optical devices, they are not suitable for high integration. It is challenging to further improve the integration and performance of silicon photonics. Here, we proposed a power splitter designed by inverse design algorithm has high transmission efficiency and compact structure size, which is helpful to the integration of photonic integrated circuit (PIC). The emergence of inverse design algorithm makes a great breakthrough in the problems existing in optical devices. In recent years, inverse design algorithms have attracted researchers' attention because of their ability to regulate light transmission by changing the refractive index distribution in the subwavelength structure. Direct-binary-search (DBS) algorithm, as the most commonly used inverse design algorithm, is applied to the design of on-chip photonic devices because of its simple working principle and high optimization efficiency. As one of the important components of photonic integrated circuits, on-chip power splitter plays an important role in optical communication system. Power splitters which can achieve any power ratio are widely used in optical interconnect devices. The traditional arbitrary power splitter can achieve different split ratios through different structures, but they can not achieve controllable split ratios in the same device, which is an obstacle to the integration of PIC. Phase change materials have been widely used in controllable photonic devices due to their unique optical properties. We combined the DBS algorithm to program and control the Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST), divided the whole device into multiple units, and optimized the design of each unit. Finally, the phase distribution in line with the target splitting ratio was obtained, and the high-efficiency and small-size power distributor was realized. A 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solution was used to simulate the device, and the TE0 mode light from the input waveguide was transmitted through the coupling region to the upper and lower output waveguides. Simulation results show that the device size is only 2.4 × 2.4 um2, and in the wavelength range of 1530 nm-1560 nm, the power split ratio of 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 is achieved. This method is helpful for the development of programmable integrated photonic interconnect devices.
The spontaneous breaking of symmetry and homogeneity through dissipative pattern formation is a long-standing fundamental examination in mathematics and nonlinear physics. Self-organized patterns arise in nature, and are postulated to occur from stochastically driven nonlinear processes. These threshold-dependent patterns can be remarkably robust in the presence of noise. In this talk we describe the dispersive dynamics in nonlinear resonator frequency microcombs and their statistical distributions. We describe the frame-by-frame fluctuations in the different microcomb states including fast breathers and their thresholds. These observed self-organized patterns support applications in communications and the understanding of nonlinear physics at the fundamental limits.
The traditional optical system is composed of multiple optical elements, which will lead to the huge volume and high cost of the optical system, which can not meet the needs of people in terms of performance. The emergence of metasurface has made a great breakthrough in the problems existing in optical systems. In recent years, the metasurface has attracted the attention of researchers because it can breakthrough the limitation of traditional electromagnetic law and realize the modulation of light phase, amplitude and other parameters. In this paper, a kind of multiwavelength confocal plane multifocal metalens in visible wavelengths is designed. The design of metalens is realized by computer generation holography(CGH), and the phase distribution of the metalens is analyzed and calculated. Transmission metalens designed with all-dielectric materials is used and the imaging effect of confocal plane four-focal metalens at different wavelengths of visible wavelengths is analyzed. The surface phase characteristics of the multifocal metalens at different wavelengths were analyzed, and the Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase was used to match the rotational phase of the unit cell structure with the phase of the surface of the metalens, and the confocal plane focusing at multiple wavelengths was successfully realized, with the focusing efficiency reaching 43%.
We demonstrate experimentally that mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating under external optical feedback exhibit extreme pulses. These events can be triggered by adding small amplitude periodic modulation, with the highest success rate for the case of a pulse-up excitation. These findings broaden the potential applications for QCLs, which have already been proven to be a semiconductor laser of interest for spectroscopic applications and countermeasure systems. The ability to trigger extreme events paves the way for optical neuron-like systems where information propagates as a result of high intensity bursts.
In this talk, first, we describe chip-scale coherent mode-locking in microresonator frequency combs, verified by interferometric femtosecond timing jitter measurements and phase-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. Normal dispersion sub-100-fs mode-locking is also observed, supporting by nonlinear modeling and analytics. Second we describe the noise limits in full microcomb stabilization, locking down both repetition rate and one comb line against a reference. Active stabilization improves the long-term stability to an instrument-limited residual instability of 3.6 mHz per root tau and a tooth-to-tooth relative frequency uncertainty down to 50 mHz and 2.7×10−16. Third we describe graphene-silicon nitride hybrid microresonators for tunable frequency modes, variants of soliton mode-locked states and crystals, and controllable Cerenkov radiation. Our studies provide a platform towards precision spectroscopy, frequency metrology, timing clocks, and coherent communications.
This Conference Presentation, “Dynamical chaos in silicon micro-cavity optomechanics for physically-enhanced information processing” was recorded at Photonics West OPTO 2020, held in San Francisco, California, USA.
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optical sources exploiting radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures.1 Mid-infrared QCLs have been thoroughly considered for applications such as spectroscopy,2 free-space communications3 and countermeasure systems.4 Under conventional optical feedback, QCLs have been proven to operate in several non-linear dynamic regimes, including deterministic chaos,5 entrainment of low-frequency fluctuations6 and square wave all-optical modulation.7 We extend the understanding of non-linear phenomena in QCLs with the experimental study of rogue waves. Rogue waves represent random isolated events with amplitudes well above that of neighboring ones, occurring more often than expected from the distribution of lower amplitude events.8 In the optical domain, rogue waves were first demonstrated experimentally in 2007 in the context of super-continuum generation in optical fibers9 and have since been observed in a wide variety of configurations such as semiconductor lasers.10 In QCLs, the extra power from these sudden bursts can be used in order to improve the efficiency of mid-infrared remote sensing or countermeasure systems. It can also be a helpful tool for neurophotonics clusters aiming to reproduce synaptic transmissions in an all-optical system. As a step toward a reliable control over these rare spikes, we carry out a statistical analysis of the interval between rogue events and show that precursors always occur before these events. The advantage of these precursors is to have a characteristic time longer than that found in other semiconductor lasers exhibiting the same non-linear phenomena. Birth of giant pulses like dragon-kings events are also discussed and analyzed.
Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) exploit radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures. The wide range of wavelengths achievable with QCLs, from mid-infrared to terahertz range, leads to a large number of applications including absorption spectroscopy, optical countermeasures and free space communications requiring stable single-mode operation with a narrow linewidth, high output power and high modulation bandwidth. Prior work has unveiled the occurrence of temporal chaos in a QCL subjected to optical feedback, with a scenario involving oscillations at the external cavity frequency and low-frequency fluctuations. The purpose of this work is to further investigate the temperature dependence of a mid-infrared QCL with optical feedback. When the semiconductor device is cooled down to 170K, experiments unveil that the laser destabilization appears at a lower feedback ratio and that the chaotic bubble slightly expands owing to a different carrier lifetime dynamics. These results are of paramount importance for new mid-infrared applications such as chaos-encrypted free-space communications or unpredictable countermeasures.
Time-delay (TD) signatures of chaotic output in 1550nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with double
variable-polarization optical feedback (DVPOF) are investigated theoretically by using self-correlation function (SF).
The effects of delay feedback time, feedback strength, polarizer angle, and injection current on the TD signature are
discussed comprehensively. As a result, the optimal parameters setting for the TD signature suppression have been
specified.
A bidirectional chaos communication system, composed of 1550nm semiconductor lasers (SLs) and fiber links, is
experimentally and numerically investigated. Based on the robust chaos synchronization between two authorized SLs,
0.5Gbits/s pseudo-random data bidirectional message transmission between the two SLs has been preliminarily realized
experimentally. Moreover, related theoretical simulations are also given, which basically conforms to our experimental
observations.
We experimentally and numerically investigated the time delay (TD) signature suppression in a mutually delay-coupled
semiconductor lasers (MDC-SL) system. The results show that excellent TD signature suppression can be achieved and
all TD signatures are suppressed into background noise level. Meantime, two chaotic sequences are obtained
concurrently and the corresponding self-correlation curves exhibit almost perfect δ function profile.
In this paper, the total output power features and the mode power characteristics of the extremely short external cavity
semiconductor lasers (ESECSLs) have been investigated experimentally and theoretically, and a new type of variation of
ESECSL's mode power is reported. The results show that with the variation of the external cavity length at the order of
lasing wavelength, the total output power and the mode power of ESECSLs will hop periodically, and the different mode
presents diverse power characteristics. Especially, some modes, locating at the material gain center of ESECSL, present
unique double peak characteristics. Moreover, the primarily theoretical simulations and the physics explanation about
these double peak characteristics have been given. The theoretical simulation results agree well with the experimental
results. These new type characteristics of ESECSL's mode power may be useful in improving the sensitivity of all-optical
sensors and developing the new type of optical data read-write head.
In this paper, the influences of the external light injection on the chaotic carrier fundamental frequency of
vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with optical feedback have been investigated. The results show that, for
the fixed frequency detuning between the master laser diode and the slave VCSEL, the chaotic carrier fundamental
frequency can be increased generally with the increase of injected strength; the chaotic carrier fundamental frequency
can be improved significantly by adjusting frequency offset and injected strength. For the normalized injected parameter
K is 330 and frequency detuning is 42GHz, chaotic output with 47.3GHz fundamental frequency can be obtained.
All-optical wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) is one of the key techniques for building
dynamic optical networks. In this paper, the cavity enhancing effect of the residual F-P cavity mode on the
non-degenerated four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in a distributed-feedback semiconductor laser diode (DFB-LD) have
been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The conversion efficiency of NDFWM is obtained at small or
large frequency detuning range. The results show that the NDFWM can be enhanced obviously when the probe
wavelength matches one of the F-P cavity modes, and the high conversion efficiency can be achieved even if the
frequency detuning between the injection probe frequency and free-running frequency of the DFB-LD is up to THz.
The dynamic single-mode and modulation performance of λ/4 phase-shifted distributed feedback laser
diode with chirped grating (QWS-CG-DFB) are analyzed theoretically. The numerical simulation
shows that, In contrast to purely QWS-DFB laser, the enhanced dynamic single-mode suppression ratio
(SMSR) can be reached by QWS-CG-DFB laser; Under the smaller biasing current, the modulation
band-width in presence of chirped grating is narrower, this difference shrinks for larger biasing current;
For large signal modulation, the chirped grating is helpful to increase the output extinction ratio, but
worsens the frequency chirping.
Based on the ray tracing method, the implicit expression of the output spectrum of the extremely short external cavity
semiconductor Laser (ESECSL) is derived, and the output spectrum and P-I characteristic of the ESECSL are
investigated. The results show that: when the length of external cavity is changed at the order of wavelength, the P-I
characteristics of the ESECSL will undergo significant changes; with the variation of the external cavity length, the
lasing wavelength of ESECSL will behave cyclical jump in the range of 10nm. Especially, for the external cavity length
changed within the range of 40μm-70μm, the jump range of the lasing wavelength will reach the maximum. The
simulations well agree with the experimental results reported.
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