Mr. Jerome W. Molchany Profile

Jerome W. Molchany

Research Psychologist at US Army Medical Research Detachment

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Publications (8)

Proceedings Article | 20 June 2003 Paper

Effects of bilateral and unilateral laser ocular exposure in humans

David Stamper, David Lund, Jerome Molchany, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 4953, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488648

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Eye, Optical tracking, Infrared cameras, Error analysis, Laser sources, Argon ion lasers, Infrared imaging, Video, Optical filtering

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INTRODUCTION: The amount of visual disruption experienced by individuals exposed to a visible laser source at levels, which are below that, which will damage the cornea or retina will depend on laser exposure parameters and task demands. Previous work has evaluated the effects of wavelength, duration, ambient light level, and target variables. One factor that has not received attention is monocular vs. binocular exposure. Whether the exposure is monocular or binocular may alter pupil dynamics, eyelid closure, and ultimately affect visual performance. METHODS: In this study 10 males and females were exposed to 0.1 and 3.0 sec laser flashes while tracking a dynamic target at 0.28 deg/sec through a scope that was capable of selecting binocular or monocular viewing. Bright (430 nits) and dawn/dusk (4.3 nits) ambient light conditions were simulated using ND filters. A collimated 514.5 nm argon laser beam produced corneal radiant exposures of 0.16 and 1.0 mJ/cm2 for the 0.1 and 3.0 sec conditions respectively. For each flash trial total time off target and maximum absolute error scores were calculated. Eye response (changes in pupil diameter) was assessed by evaluation of videotape from an IR eye camera. Tracking error scores (total time off target) were calculated for each flash trial. RESULTS: Analysis of variance results for the total time off target scores found all three main factors (light level, exposure duration, and monocular/binocular to be significant. Earlier studies have previously shown dawn/dusk flash exposures be more disruptive than bright light trials. Also three sec exposures were more disruptive than one sec exposures. Finally, monocular exposures produced significantly higher error scores than did binocular exposures. For the pupil diameters the post-flash diameters were significantly smaller that the pre-flash diameters and monocular diameters larger that binocular pupil sizes. SUMMARY: The Total Time Off Target error scores for the monocular viewing condition were significantly higher than the binocular viewing condition supporting bilateral summation contributions to binocular tracking. Pupil recovery diameters were approximately 84% of baseline for monocular viewing regardless of ambient light level and flash duration. Binocular viewing conditions yielded an average 75% pupil recovery. Continuing analysis of the pupil data precludes us from making a more definitive statement.

Proceedings Article | 17 May 2001 Paper

Laser flash effects on tracking performance and the aversion response

David Stamper, David Lund, Jerome Molchany, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 4246, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426705

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Video, Optical tracking, Cameras, Light, Laser sources, Infrared imaging, Light emitting diodes, Collimation

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Introduction: For an accidental laser exposure, the duration of the incident radiation on a specific retinal site depends on the initial fixation, the kinetics of the aversion (blink reflex) and the orienting response (eye movement) toward or away from the light image. Pupilary constriction during the exposure will attenuate the retinal irradiance. Methods: In this study, tracking performance was measured in eight volunteers exposed to O1, LO, and 10 second laser flashes while tracking a dynamic target (O28 degs) through a monocular telescope equipped with a miniature video camera to monitor eye response. The collimated 514 nm argon laser beam produced corneal radiant exposures of 0. 16, 0.33, and LO mJ/cm2 for the 0. 1, LO, and 3O second conditions respectively. Total time off target and maximum absolute error scores were measured for bright (430 nits) and dim (43 nits) ambient luminance conditions. Eye response (blink and pupilary response) was assessed by evaluation of the video from the eye camera. Volunteer reports of the visual experience were recorded. Results: Total time off target (> 0.5 mrad) was maximal for the 3 second exposure condition and minimal for the 0. 1 second conditions. Analysis of the data indicated that there was no photic induced blink reflex for the 0. 1 second condition under the bright light condition. For some volunteers, blinks did occur during the longer duration exposures but were not classic reflex blinks. Pupil responses following the laser presentation showed pupil diameters decreased from initial values of approximately 6 mm to 23 mm which reduced the total energy into the eye at that point by a factor of 10. Volunteers reported smeared and multiple afterimages for the 3 second condition, however, only a single, focal, afterimage was reported for the 0. 1 second condition. This information reflects a history of eye movements during the exposure; Summary: For durations of 100 msec or less, physiological mechanisms that would limit the retinal radiant exposure are not operative for the conditions investigated in this study. For the a 1 second exposure condition, fracking performance was not affected for the bright light vials and only minimally affected foe the dim light trials.

Proceedings Article | 2 May 1997 Paper

Optimization of neural retinal visual motor strategies in recovery of visual acuity following acute laser-induced macula injury

Harry Zwick, James Ness, J. Loveday, Jerome Molchany, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 2974, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275230

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Spatial frequencies, Contrast sensitivity, Macula, Retina, Injuries, Receptors, Laser induced damage, Colorimetry, Target recognition

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 1997 Paper

Transient disruption of human pursuit-tracking performance for laser exposures below permissible exposure limits

David Stamper, David Lund, Jerome Molchany, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 2974, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275233

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Continuous wave operation, Argon ion lasers, Argon, Helium neon lasers, Eye, Visible radiation, Laser energy, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1996 Paper

Human performance decrements associated with the bandwidth of laser protective eyewear concepts

Jerome Molchany, David Lund

Proceedings Volume 2674, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237510

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Bandpass filters, Eyewear, Visualization, Eye, Optical filtering, Transmittance, Neodymium, Luminous efficiency, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1996 Paper

Comparison of artificial and accidental laser-induced macular scotomas on human contrast sensitivity

Harry Zwick, James Ness, Jerome Molchany, Bruce Stuck

Proceedings Volume 2674, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237502

KEYWORDS: Contrast sensitivity, Spatial frequencies, Visualization, Injuries, Laser induced damage, Retina, Target recognition, Eye, Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, Target detection

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1996 Paper

Accidental human laser retinal injuries from military laser systems

Bruce Stuck, Harry Zwick, Jerome Molchany, David Lund, Donald Gagliano

Proceedings Volume 2674, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237505

KEYWORDS: Eye, Visualization, Injuries, Contrast sensitivity, Optical tracking, Vitreous, Spatial frequencies, Retina, Q switched lasers, Ophthalmoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 1996 Paper

Preferred retinal location induced by macular occlusion in a target recognition task

James Ness, Harry Zwick, Jerome Molchany

Proceedings Volume 2674, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237501

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Spatial frequencies, Retina, Eye, Contrast sensitivity, Target recognition, Laser induced damage, Receptors, Medical research, Macula

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