The work aimed to estimate the joint possibilities of satellite photometric measurements MODIS-Aqua and multiangle PARASOL polarization measurements for the detection of dust events over the sea surface on the example of a dust storm observed at the Yellow Sea in April 2012. The data analysis of the photometric RGB images and the scatter plots "degree of polarization - phase angle” allowed to identify areas with atmospheric dust at the sea surface and the river outflows of terrigenous substances.
Based on the field measurements of the light absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigments, the non-algal suspended matter, the colored dissolved organic matter and ocean color product, remote sensing reflectance, reconstructed from MODIS instruments from Aqua and Terra measurements, regression equations were obtained to restore the main biooptical characteristics in Sea of Azov: total concentration of chlorophyll a and pheopigments, coefficients of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments, non-living organic matter and coefficient of light backscattered by particles suspended at 438 nm. The daily 2D maps of these parameters were constructed in the surface layer from 2000 to 2018.
The paper presents the analysis of uncertainties between observed remote sensed reflectance spectra of seawater, with crude oil emulsions and oil dissolved fractions, and modeled remote sensed reflectance spectra of seawater without oil calculated from the fluorometric measurements of chlorophyll-a and dissolved organic matter concentrations carried out in the layer under oil pollution.
Methods of empirical retrieval of chlorophyll – a and CDOM concentrations from hyperspectral ocean color data were described. We have considered cases of different relations between concentrations of these water constituents. Research area includes Japan Sea, East-China Sea, Okhotsk Sea, Barents Sea, Bering Sea, East-Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea (water areas of different optical types) during the period from 2009 to 2014. Based on derived field data array, we created the method for building of regional empirical algorithms for concentrations of chlorophyll-a and CDOM retrieval taking into account differences of their contributions into water leaving radiance forming. In a similar manner, we have determined the most suitable spectral channels for the main satellite ocean color scanners. At the same time, we received concentrations of chlorophyll-a and CDOM with a help of tuning the semianalytical model for remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Afterwards we carried out the quality assurance for the both approaches, comparing to shipboard data.
Measured СО2 flux between the atmosphere and water and the dynamics of biogenic elements in cardinally different water basins: Lake Baikal and coastal maritime conditions, are compared. We conduct regular cycles of combined observations at the Southern Baikal shore for different seasons at the Baikal Atmospheric-Limnological Observatory (BALO). The measurements under maritime conditions were conducted at the stationary station of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Schultz Cape in the period of October 6-10 of 2012 and October 7-13 of 2013, as well as in 2014 a cycle of investigations on the assessment of spatial variability was carried out. The most remarkable distinctive feature of the content of dissolved gases and their flux under maritime conditions (Far East) is the permanent sink of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere onto the water surface. At Lake Baikal in this period, we observed the pronounced diurnal dynamics characterized by the daytime sink and nighttime emission of СО2 into the atmosphere.
Comparative analysis of chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained using flow fluorometric measurements carried out on the
board vessel, and chlorophyll-a concentrations calculated by MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS satellite data of ocean color was
conducted. The ship data were adjusted to standard spectrophotometric measurements and vertical depth distribution of
phytoplankton. Investigations were done in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, De Long Strait in August 2013. In waters of
the Russian Eastern Arctic satellite radiometers versus ship-borne measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration were
overestimated, which was associated with relatively high content of colored dissolved organic matter at upper layers. In
De Long Straight satellite estimation didn't reflect overall viewing on the depth integrated chlorophyll-a concentration,
as in this area the bulk of the phytoplankton with chlorophyll-a concentration around 10-20 mg/m3 was located in the
depth layer with 3-5% illumination relative to the surface light level. In the analyzed waters VIIRS gave more accurate
measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration as compared to using MODIS-Aqua satellite data with processing
procedures № 2013.1.
The Information Telecommunication System "Solaris" was created to solve the actual problems of navigation. The
system allows analyzing an operational local and synoptic hydrometeorological situation on a vessel route to issue
recommendations to navigators about the optimization of the movement from the point of view for the safety of
navigation and economic efficiency. ITS "Solaris" represents a combination of two hardware-software complexes one of
which is fitted on the vessel, and the other one ashore. The ship complex is based on the use of regular ship radar station
to which AD converter and the computer with the software is connected. The coastal complex is a server that collects,
processes, analyzes stores and transmits satellite and ship information. To operate the system on a particular ship the
proposed model calculates the speed of the vessel, depending on the direction and speed of meteorological parameters
such as wind, waves and currents, of ice conditions. The system can be used in the initial planning of the route on the
basis of operational and climatic data according to the seasonal variability of the weather conditions. The created system
improves the safety of navigation and increase economic efficiency.
KEYWORDS: Satellites, Process control, Remote sensing, Fluorometers, Aerosols, Data processing, Databases, Analytical research, Calibration, Control systems
In this study we introduce brief description and the main approaches used in system development. System is
devising with a participation of Pacific Oceanological Institute (FEB RAS), Institute of Automation and Control
Processes (FEB RAS) and also Maritime State University, n.a. G.I. Nevelskoy.
For many years research team of these institutions carried out a lot of field measurements and collected a lot of
remote sensing data, using spectrophotometers, LIDARs, fluorometers. The primary goal of this development – bring all
this data together to integrated database and design user-friendly interface to work with.
“InSitu-Eye” will perform standard routine operations, such as sampling data according to certain parameters;
gridding and timing of data; filtering and quality check of data; visualization. After setting system up and testing it will
provide a benefit. At first it gives 24/7 access to “clean”, checked “in-situ” data, ready for further research. Also
presence of such system gives “converse effect” - it will become necessary to develop strict protocols for measurements
carrying out and increase their quality. In future, “InSitu-Eye” can become a platform, connecting research teams for
data keeping and exchange.
The validity of satellite regional algorithms depends on variability of optical properties of coastal waters and especially
on relationships between concentrations of chlorophyll-a (chlA) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The subject of the
current researches is the role of characteristics of clusters in chlA - DOM scatter plot while developing of the regional
biooptical algorithm. Regular undersatellite shipboard measurements of chlorophyll-a and DOM concentrations by
means of contemporary laser fluorometer obtained in the various regions of Peter the Great Bay from 2007 to 2010 were
used for the analysis.
KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Fluorometers, Seaborgium, Data modeling, Spectrophotometry, Remote sensing, Scattering, Process control, Biological research
Ship-based remotely sensed hyperspectral data of sea surface reflectance obtained in the Peter the Great Bay in 2009 and
2010 during different seasons were used. Every spectrum was fitted by analytical biooptical algorithm with five
unknown variables. Setup of various initial conditions was used for each spectrum fitting procedure. Optimal values of
initial and boundary conditions for Peter the Great Bay were obtained by the analysis of initial and boundary conditions
which have led to "true solutions". Relationships between various unknown variables were established in order to
simplify the biooptical algorithm and to optimize chooses of initial conditions.
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