A near infrared bottled liquid scanner has been developed for security check at airports for anti-terrorism. A compact handheld liquid scanner has been developed using an LED as a light source, instead of a halogen lamp. An LED has much smaller size, longer life time and lower power consumption than those of the lamp. However, it has narrower wave band. Here, we tried to use LEDs to scan liquids and showed the possibility that LEDs can be used as a light source of liquid detector.
A bottled liquid explosive scanner has been developed using near infrared technology for glass or PET bottles and ultrasound technology for metal cans. It has database of near infrared absorbance spectra and sound velocities of various liquids. Scanned liquids can be identified by using this database. This device has been certified by ECAC and installed at Japanese international airport.
A bottle scanner to detect liquid explosive has been developed using technologies of near infrared. Its detection rate of liquid explosive is quite high and its false alarm rate of safe liquids quite low. It uses a light source with wide spectrum such as a halogen lamp. Recently a variety of LEDs have been developed and some of them have near infrared spectrum. Here a near infrared LED is tested as a light source of the liquid explosive detector. Three infrared LEDs that have a main peak of spectrum at 901nm, 936nm, and 1028 nm have been used as a light source to scan liquids. Spectrum widths of these LEDs are quite narrow typically less than 100 nm. Ten typical liquids have been evaluated by these LEDs and the correlation coefficients of a spectrum by an LED and a tungsten lamp were more than 0.98. This experiment shows that the infrared LED can be used as a light source for the liquid scanner. An LED has some merits, such as long life of more than some ten thousand hours and small consumption electric power of less than 0.2 W. When the LED is used as a light source for the liquid scanner, it is also more compact and handy.
A handheld bottle checker for detection of liquid explosives is developed using near infrared technology. In order to
make it compact, a LED light was used as a light source and a novel circuit board was developed for the device control
instead of using a PC. This enables low power consumption and this handheld detector can be powered by a Li-ion
battery without an AC power supply. This checker works well to analyze liquids, even using limited bandwidth of NIR
by the LED. It is expected that it can be applied not only to airport security but also to wider applications because of its
compactness and portability.
Bottled liquids are not allowed through the security gate in the airport, because liquid explosives have been used by the terrorists. However, passengers have a lot of trouble if they cannot bring their own bottles. For example, a mother would like to carry her own milk in the airplane for her baby. Therefore the detection technology of liquid explosives should be developed as soon as possible. This paper shows that near infrared spectroscopy can detect bottled explosives quickly. The transmission method cannot deal with milk in the sense of liquid inspection. Here we examined the reflection method to the test of milk. The inspection method with light cannot make test for the metal can. We also use ultrasonic method to check metal can simultaneously in order to expand test targets.
Bottled liquids are limited to be brought in the airplane, because liquid explosives have been used in some terrorist attaches recently. A bottled liquid scanner is expected to be developed. Liquid scanner using near infrared technologies is being developed by us. Many spectrum of liquids have been collected and analyzed by chemometorics in order to separate safe beverage to explosive and dangerous liquids. This bottled liquid scanner had feasibility tests in some international airport in Japan and obtained good review from security people in the airport.
Liquid explosives have recently been used in terrorism. Inspection of bottles has become very important, because these
liquid explosives and their raw materials can be easily carried in bottles. Hydrogen peroxide is a typical raw material of
liquid explosives. It was difficult to evaluate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide a bottled drink, because of the
similarity of its optical properties to those of water. Using the near-infrared spectrum and multivariate statistical
analysis, concentrations of a percent order of hydrogen peroxide can be evaluated from outside of the bottle instantly.
Hydrogen peroxide has been detected not only in clear PET or glass bottles but also in colored glass bottles. Hydrogen
peroxide mixed with soft drink such as coke or orange juice with pulp was also easily detected by this method. This
technique can be applied to the inspection of bottles at airport security and so on.
Liquid explosives have been used in terrorism recently. Inspection of bottles becomes very important, because these
liquid explosive or it raw materials can be carried by bottles easily. Hydrogen peroxide is typical raw materials of liquid
explosives. It was difficult to evaluate concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the drink in the bottle, because of similarity
of its optical properties to those of water. Using near infrared spectrum and multivariate statistical analysis,
concentration of percent order of hydrogen peroxide in the bottle can be evaluated from outside of the bottle instantly.
Hydrogen peroxide has been detected in not only a clear PET or glass bottle but also a colored glass bottle. Hydrogen
peroxide mixed by soft drink such as coke or orange juice with pulp also detected by this method easily. This technique
can be applied to inspection of a bottle at airport security so on.
The anglar dependence of emitted NQR signal intensity from a polycrystalline hexamethylenetetramine has been
investigated. Measurement from the radial direction reveals that the NQR signal from a long column sample showed a
very inhomogeneous radiation pattern which has strong signal along the direction of the excitation and few along the
perpendicular direction from the excitation axis. A series of measurement by a receiver set face to face to the sample at
every 10° from 0° to 350° from the excitation direction revealed that the signal intensity measured has a trigonometric
divergence. This is useful to design an antenna coil of a landmine detector to get strong NQR signal remotely.
We investigated the sensitivity of NQR for explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and
cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), the main constituent of explosives of landmines. We
succeeded in the remote detection of RDX from 8 cm away using NQR.
We have developed a prototype of an NQR landmine detector.
A 4-channel YBa2Cu3O7-y (YBCO) thin film dc-SQUID magnetometer was fabricated. Biomagnetic measurements were performed by using the 4 channel SQUID array at 77$KAPPA in a magnetically shielded room. We have successfully measured 4 channel magnetocardiac signals clearly in real time mode. The best magnetic field resolution of the four SQUIDs was 370fT/Hz1/2 at 10Hz and 200fT/Hz1/2 in the white noise region.
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