Imaging spectrometer can provide both scene image information and spectral information, thus providing in-depth analysis of the composition and characteristics of the scene target. It is an important equipment for observation, analysis and detection. Imaging spectrometers are now emerging as an important market growth point in the field of optoelectronic imaging. This paper presents a compact and lightweight snapshot broadband computational spectral imager, which provides a new approach to VIS-NIR spectral imaging and target identification techniques. Based on the Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imager (CASSI), an imaging method with a shared primary mirror and a dual optical path is proposed. One optical path mainly consists of a coding mask, a relay lens, an Amici prism and a visible near-infrared enhancement detector. Its spatial and spectral resolution is determined by the coding mask and dispersive elements. The optical system finally obtains a blended two-dimensional image on the detector. Another optical path uses a visible NIR-enhanced detector to provide high-resolution spatial information. The high-resolution spectral image information is obtained by a compression-aware reconstruction algorithm. Optical simulations and experimental results show that the system offers significant performance improvements over existing systems, allowing the construction of compact and sensitive spectral imaging systems. We obtained 24 spectral images in the band range 0.44-0.8μm. The new spectral imager introduced in this paper has the advantages of real-time detection, long-range monitoring and high sensitivity. It is especially suitable for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and NanoSat. It can be widely used in the fields of environmental remote sensing, agricultural census, forest survey, vegetation assessment and management, mineral exploration, etc.
Spectral imaging technology can obtain a three-dimensional data cube of the target, which has the advantage of "unification of maps". Analyzing the "fingerprint" spectral information of space targets is a powerful method for space target identification. In response to the needs of space target material identification and key part identification, this paper proposes a new method of computational spectral imaging with high Light utilization for space target detection. A high-resolution spatial spectral image is obtained through the combination of panchromatic channel and calculated spectral channel. Introduce the calibration technology of the system, including the target's spectrum calibration and the system's coding calibration technology. The multi-spectral image of the satellite model taken by the new spectral imaging system is used to expand the sample, and the training set data is used for training, and the entire data set is tested. The average recognition rate of the five categories of satellite main body, windsurfing board, pot body, antenna and space background is 74.86%. If only the identification of the target and the background is considered, and the non-critical part of the satellite antenna is not considered, the probability of correct recognition as a target is 98.92%, and the probability of correct recognition as a background is 99.11%.
Computational spectral imaging integrates calculations into the spectral imaging process to achieve the purpose of improving the signal-to-noise ratio, speeding up imaging, and reducing the size of the spectrometer. At present, the commonly used evaluation methods for calculating the spectrum are mostly directly borrowed from the evaluation criteria of conventional spectral imaging, or only the spatial information evaluation method of the scene is used to evaluate the quality of the space spectrum restoration of the image. From the perspective of spectral imaging applications, the evaluation criteria for computing the quality of spectral imaging is proposed, that is spectral imaging stability is used as the first evaluation criterion. Considering that the main application field of spectral imaging is the identification of the target species and the determination of the content, the accuracy of the center position of the spectral peak of the target test set is used as the evaluation method for qualitative identification, and the trend line of the spectral curve of multiple measurements is used as the quantitative evaluation index for content determination. Two types of calculated spectral image reconstruction results are displayed. One type of mean square error is twice that of the other type. Under the evaluation criterion that the smaller the mean square error, the better the evaluation criteria, the better reconstruction results can not satisfy the spectral qualitative application. However, the method proposed in this article can quickly and effectively judge whether the restored spectrum can meet the needs of spectral analysis applications.
The conventional diffractive optical imaging spectrometer uses the single-channel scheme, it is mainly aimed at simple targets, or gas targets with known spectral characteristics. The main disadvantage of conventional system is: if the target is a complex scene such as a natural scene, it's very difficult to demodulate spectral images accurately. Because, the focused and defocused spectral information are superimposed on each other. And, the real system has noise, manufacturing error, testing error and calibration error. So, it is difficult to correctly describe the dispersion parameters of the diffractive spectrometer, which will cause large errors of spectral demodulation accuracy. To solve this problem, an efficient system of diffractive spectral imaging is discussed, which includes a reference channel. Based on the conventional single-channel system, a grayscale camera or a color camera is added for imaging. It can provide a priori knowledge of complex scenes for the diffraction imaging channel. The data of the two channels are jointly processed to improve the final demodulation accuracy of the spectral data. The system composition and basic principles are introduced, the performance of the system is analyzed. The virtual simulation experiment of diffractive optic imaging is established. The simulation of diffractive imaging and spectral demodulation of complex scene have been finished. The demodulation output images are almost the same as the original input image. The experiment system of diffractive optic imaging in visible band is also established in the laboratory. Theoretical analysis, imaging simulation and imaging experiment have verified the validity and feasibility of the diffraction imaging system with reference channel. Compared with the single channel system, the spectral demodulation effect is obviously improved, which greatly improves the application potential and application value.
Infrared imaging spectrometer can provide scene image information and spectral information at the same time, so as to deeply analyze the components and characteristics of the scene target. Due to the low resolution of the existing long-wave infrared imaging spectrometer filter and dispersion devices and the serious attenuation of signal energy, the time-modulated Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has a large volume and a high cost. In this paper, we propose a compact snapshot-type long-wave infrared computational spectral imaging method, which provides a new method for infrared spectral imaging and target recognition technology. Based on the coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI), we propose an imaging method that shares the main lens with two optical paths. One optical path is mainly composed of a coded mask, a relay lens, an amici prism, and a long-wave infrared detector. Its spatial and spectral resolution is determined by the encoded mask and the dispersive element. The optical system finally obtains an aliased two-dimensional image on the detector. The other optical path uses a long-wave infrared detector to provide high-resolution spatial information. Combining the two paths to obtain high-resolution infrared spectral image information through a compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm. The new spectroscopic imager described in this paper has the advantages of real-time detection, long-distance monitoring, and high sensitivity. It is especially suitable for mobile platforms of unmanned aerial vehicle and NanoSat. Can be widely used in trace gas detection, environmental pollution monitoring, medical diagnosis and military aircraft identification and guidance of anti-missile.
The simultaneous acquisition of spatial information, spectral information and polarimetric information can obtain more characteristic information to distinguish targets. The conventional spectral polarization imaging system mainly includes the filter/polarization wheel rotation system, the crystal modulation system and multi-path beam splitting system. The disadvantages of these systems are: unsynchronized spectral polarization detection, requiring dynamic modulation, complex system, etc. To solve these problems, a spectral polarization detection technology based on optical fiber image bundle is proposed, which combines optical fiber imaging spectral technology with pixel level polarization detection technology. The input shape of the optical fiber image bundle is plane, and the output shape is linear. Optical fiber image bundle can transform the information of array target into that of linear array. The linear array information is the input of spectral imaging system. The polarization detection uses a micron level polarization array to match the pixel size of the detector. The technology can synchronously acquire the two-dimensional spatial information, the spectral information and linear polarization information of the target. The technology can be used to image the area target in snapshot mode. The experimental device is set up to obtain the spectral image in the visible light range, as well as the polarization degree image and polarization angle image of each spectral segment. The data acquisition ability of the system is verified. With the improvement of optical fiber manufacturing technology, the integration of optical fiber is getting better, and the scale of optical fiber is getting larger. The technology will have a high application value in astronomical observation, atmospheric detection, target recognition and other fields.
The spectral polarization imager can detect the spectral polarization information of the target reflection or radiated light that cannot be obtained by ordinary optical instruments. The obtained spectral polarization image can provide richer target information than the intensity image and the spectral image. At the same time, being able to achieve snapshot imaging and improve the spectral resolution is the research and development direction of polarization spectrum imaging technology. In this paper, we present a dual channel snapshot compressive spectral polarization imaging technique for simultaneous acquisition of two-dimensional intensity information, one-dimensional spectral information, and four-dimensional polarization information of a target in visible range. One channel is based on a coded mask and micro-polarizer array, and one channel is based on a pixel-level polarizer array detector. The main optical path replaces the ordinary detector with a micro-polarizer array based on CASSI. The micro-polarizer array consists of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° linear micro-polarizers regularly distributed, and each pixel matches the pixel of the detector. The three Stokes parameters of the scene are compressed and sensed, and a four-dimensional (4D) data cube is projected onto a two-dimensional (2D) focal plane. Through nonlinear optimization with sparsity constraints, a 4D spectral polarization data cube is reconstructed from 2D measurements. The addition of a pixel-level polarizer array detector helps to improve the measurement accuracy of spectral information and polarization information. Optical experimental results confirm that the architecture reduces the total number of measurements required to obtain a spectrally polarized image compared to traditional acquisition methods. The dual channel combination enables simultaneous acquisition of spectral and polarization information, and improves the quality of reconstructed image based on compressed sensing algorithm. A dual-channel experimental device with coded aperture spectral polarization imaging channel and polarization imaging channel was set up to obtain spectral data cubes with 4 polarization states in 25 bands in the range of 450nm-650nm, and the polarization degree and polarization angle of each band. The spectral resolution was better than 10nm, and the spectral restoration accuracy was about 86.3%. Compared with the single-channel imaging method, the spectral reconstruction accuracy was improved by 10.5%.This has guiding significance for the design and research of light and miniaturized hyperspectral polarization imagers in the future. It is expected to be widely used in astronomical observation, atmospheric detection, biomedical diagnosis, earth environment monitoring, target detection and identification and other fields.
In this letter, an efficient system of hyperspectral imaging is discussed, which is based on diffractive optic imaging technology. The system is a spectrometer that projects the spectral and spatial information onto a CCD detector. Each spectral image can be obtained by modified demodulation algorithm. The system structure and the basic theory are introduced. A spectrometer system that operates in the visible band is designed. The performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. The virtual simulation experiment of diffractive optic imaging is established. The simulation of diffractive imaging and spectral demodulation of complex scene have been finished. The experiment PSF is used to demodulate the spectral images. The demodulation output images are almost the same as the initial input image. The validity and feasibility of the basic principle are proved by the simulation experiment result. The experiment system of diffractive optic imaging in visible band is also established in the laboratory. The prototype calibration system is set up. The precise calibration system is needed to be set up in the future. The advantages of diffractive optic imaging spectrometer are no slit and high throughput. The spectrometer can be widely used in remote sensing and other fields.
With the increase in the lens aperture and widen in the spectrum, the dispersion range of diffractive optic image spectrometer (DOIS) is also growing. Large scale axial scanning increases the difficulty of system design and manufacturing of the GEO spectrometer. In this Letter, an efficient method and system for hyperspectral imaging of GEO orbit is realized by fusing diffractive optic and light field imaging technology. The emergence of the light field imaging technology provides a perfect solution for DOIS. Our system is a snapshot spectrometer that projects the spectral and spatial information simultaneously onto a CCD detector. Here a spectrometer system that operates in the 500-650nm band is designed and the performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. Experiments are shown to illustrate the performance improvement attained by the new model. Our analysis shows that the novel snapshot hyperspectral diffractive computational image spectrometer is no-slit, high throughout, feasible and usable imager that can be widely built for many fields.
Inspired by the retinal structure of elephantnose fish, bioinspired photosensitivity enhancer (BPE) with many pyramid microphotocollectors can enhance the image intensity and the imaging capability under low light conditions. To study the application of BPE on space remote sensing, this paper introduced BPE into remote sensors and analyzed several parameters such as ground sampling distance, signal, noise, signal to noise ratio and so on in normal and low light conditions and compared BPE with binning technology. The results showed that, as an optical enhancing method, BPE has better performance than binning technology. The detectability of conventional systems under low light conditions could be improved by placing BPE in front of the sensors.
Aimed at key problems the system of 1:5000 scale space stereo mapping and the shortage of the surveying capability of urban area, in regard of the performance index and the surveying systems of the existing domestic optical mapping satellites are unable to meet the demand of the large scale stereo mapping, it is urgent to develop the very high accuracy space photogrammetric satellite system which has a 1:5000 scale (or larger).The new surveying systems of double baseline stereo photogrammetric mode with combined of linear array sensor and area array sensor was proposed, which aims at solving the problems of barriers, distortions and radiation differences in complex ground object mapping for the existing space stereo mapping technology. Based on collinearity equation, double baseline stereo photogrammetric method and the model of combined adjustment were presented, systematic error compensation for this model was analyzed, position precision of double baseline stereo photogrammetry based on both simulated images and images acquired under lab conditions was studied. The laboratory tests showed that camera geometric calibration accuracy is better than 1μm, the height positioning accuracy is better than 1.5GSD with GCPs. The results showed that the mode of combined of one linear array sensor and one plane array sensor had higher positioning precision. Explore the new system of 1:5000 scale very high accuracy space stereo mapping can provide available new technologies and strategies for achieving demotic very high accuracy space stereo mapping.
Remote sensing features are varied and complicated. There is no comprehensive coverage dictionary for reconstruction. The reconstruction precision is not guaranteed. Aiming at the above problems, a novel reconstruction method with multiple compressed sensing data based on energy compensation is proposed in this paper. The multiple measured data and multiple coding matrices compose the reconstruction equation. It is locally solved through the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Then the initial reconstruction image is obtained. Further assuming the local image patches have the same compensation gray value, the mathematical model of compensation value is constructed by minimizing the error of multiple estimated measured values and actual measured values. After solving the minimization, the compensation values are added to the initial reconstruction image. Then the final energy compensation image is obtained. The experiments prove that the energy compensation method is superior to those without compensation. Our method is more suitable for remote sensing features.
Imaging spectropolarimetry has been explored as a method that increment in our capability to respond to existing requirements, as well as to our insatiable need for more information in remote sensing applications. Spectrometry enables detailed comparison of target and background spectra. The polarimetric state of received radiation contains valuable information about source object surface roughness and orientation, it has the potential to highlight manmade objects despite spectral camouflage. A laboratory breadboard spectropolarimetric system has been design for operation in the visible waveband to demonstrate the potential of this technique for future airborne and spaceborne systems. The experiment setup and some experimental results are presented in this paper.
Traditional video imagers require high-speed CCD, we present a new method to implement video imagers with low speed CCD detector imager system based on video compressed. Using low speed CCD detector and transmissive liquid crystal (LC) instead of high speed CCD to get data cube; by the method of data processing method , we make high precision reconstruction of compressed video data, theoretical analysis and experimental result show that it is not ensures the video imaging quality but also reduced the frame rate of the detectors and complexity of video imaging system greatly.
The summary of hyperspectral polarization remote sensing detection is presented, including the characteristics and mechanism of polarization detection, the expression of polarization light and the detection method. The present research of hyperspectral polarization remote sensing is introduced. A novel method of hyperspectral polarization imaging technique is discussed, which is based on static modulation adding with the double refraction crystal. The static modulation is composed of one polarizer and two retarders. The double refraction crystal is used to generate interference image. The four Stokes vectors and spectral information can be detected only by one measurement. The method of static modulation is introduced in detail and is simulated by computer. The experimental system is also established in laboratory. The basic concept of the technique is verified. The simulation error of DOP (polarization degree detection) is about 1%. The experimental error of DOP is less than 5%. The merits of the novel system are no moving parts, compactness and no electrical element.
The spectrometers capture large amount of raw and 3-dimensional (3D) spatial-spectral scene information with 2- dimensional (2D) focal plane arrays(FPA). In many applications, including imaging system and video cameras, the Nyquist rate is so high that too many samples result, making compression a precondition to storage or transmission. Compressive sensing theory employs non-adaptive linear projections that preserve the structure of the signal, the signal is then reconstructed from these projections using an optimization process. This article overview the fundamental spectral imagers based on compressive sensing, the coded aperture snapshot spectral imagers (CASSI) and high-resolution imagers via moving random exposure. Besides that, the article propose a new method to implement spectral imagers with linear detector imager systems based on spectrum compressed. The article describes the system introduction and code process, and it illustrates results with real data and imagery. Simulations are shown to illustrate the performance improvement attained by the new model and complexity of the imaging system greatly reduced by using linear detector.
A new kind of polarization modulation is presented in this paper-sinusoidal polarization modulation. It can acquire the
full linear polarization information of targets. The large advantage of this modulation is that it is very compact and with
low mass and there is no moving parts in it. Moreover the demodulation algorithm is not only simple but also with high
precision. It’s especially suitable for spaceborne atmosphere detecting sensor, providing a new kind of polarization
modulation for it. After the incident lights passing through the modulator, it is modulated into sinusoidal with amplitude
scaling with the degree of linear polarization and phase scaling with the angle of linear polarization. With a dedicated
algorithm, the degree and angle of linear polarization can be acquired directly while traditional polarization modulation
methods need I、Q、U、V parameters of the Stokes vector for further calculation. In this paper, theoretical and simulation
analysis on spectral modulation are presented, the results of analysis point out the feasibility of this technology in theory.
Spectropolarimetry is the technique that spectrally resolves polarisation properties of light. The conventional spectropolarimeter generally suffer from vibration, electrical noise, and alignment difficulty introduced by the mechanical or electro-optic device for polarization control, such as a rotating compensator and a liquid crystal device, such a polarization controlling element generally requires the considerable volume as well as the electronic driving cables, which has been the major obstacles for the reduction in the size of the spectropolarimeter. This paper presents a compact configuration of the channeled spectropolarimeter designed to increase the stability of the state of polarization measurement, the whole spectropolarimeter system without any internal moving parts, electrically controllable or micro-components, which enables us to determine all the parameters related to the spectral dependence of the state of polarization of light at once from a single measurement. In this spectropolarimeter system, multiple-order retarders are utilized to generate a channeled spectrum carrying information about the wavelength-dependent multiple parameters of polarization of light. The theory analysis and some aspects of our proof of concept experiments are given in this paper.
Polarization hyperspectral imagers combine polarization technology, spectral technology and imaging technology, get both the image of the target and the polarization and spectrum of the pixel to recognize the materials on the objects,have broad applied foreground on airborne remote sensing domain. That arrests extensive attention abroad.
This paper brings hyperspectral technology and polarization image together. On the basis of geometrical optics theory
and polarization theory, puts forward a new polarization hyper-spectral Imaging technology. That could get hyper-spectral information and whole Stokes elements spectral from the object on the measuring the power spectral from
the modulator only one time, and that raise the ability of recognization greatly. The paper carries out a project to the new airborne polarization hyperspectral imager.
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