Diffusion-based inpainting can be used to repair some damaged parts or remove the undesirable regions in an image. Generally, good visual effects can be achieved after inpainting. However, some traces, such as the differences of local variances and noise pattern, are left in the inpainted image, making it easy for the forensic algorithms to locate the inpainted regions. To eliminate this drawback and achieve an anti-forensics capability, we propose an approach that can remove the traces of the diffusion-based inpainting. Since the pixel values of the inpainted regions are diffused inward by the surrounding pixels, we first analyze the noise pattern of the pixels neighboring the inpainted regions and select the nearby pixels that are directly used for inpainting. After that, a statistical probability model is constructed for each channel in the image, which is used to generate the noise pattern and fill the inpainted regions. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has a good capability for anti-forensics.
Image steganography delivers secret data by slight modifications of the cover. To detect these data, steganalysis tries to create some features to embody the discrepancy between the cover and steganographic images. Therefore, the urgent problem is how to design an effective classification architecture for given feature vectors extracted from the images. We propose an approach to automatically select effective features based on the well-known JPEG steganographic methods. This approach, referred to as extreme learning machine revisited feature selection (ELM-RFS), can tune input weights in terms of the importance of input features. This idea is derived from cross-validation learning and one-dimensional (1-D) search. While updating input weights, we seek the energy decreasing direction using the leave-one-out (LOO) selection. Furthermore, we optimize the 1-D energy function instead of directly discarding the least significant feature. Since recent Liu features can gain considerable low detection errors compared to a previous JPEG steganalysis, the experimental results demonstrate that the new approach results in less classification error than other classifiers such as SVM, Kodovsky ensemble classifier, direct ELM-LOO learning, kernel ELM, and conventional ELM in Liu features. Furthermore, ELM-RFS achieves a similar performance with a deep Boltzmann machine using less training time.
KEYWORDS: Motion estimation, Video, Computer programming, Video coding, 3D video compression, Motion analysis, Cameras, Video compression, Statistical analysis, 3D displays
Multiview video coding (MVC) is an ongoing standard. In the working draft, motion estimation and disparity estimation are both employed in the encoding procedure. It achieves the highest possible coding efficiency, but results in extremely large encoding time, which obstructs it from practical applications. We propose a macroblock (MB) level adaptive search range algorithm utilizing inter-view correlation for motion estimation in MVC to reduce the complexity of the coder. For multi-view sequences, the motion vectors of the corresponding MBs in previously coded view are first extracted to analyze motion homogeneity. On the basis of motion homogeneity, MBs are classified into three types (MB in the region with homogeneous motion, with medium homogeneous motion, or with complex motion), and search range is adaptively determined for each type MB. Experimental results show that our algorithm can save 75% average computational complexity of motion estimation, with negligible loss of coding efficiency.
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