KEYWORDS: Satellites, Microwave radiation, Data modeling, Data processing, Temperature metrology, Statistical analysis, Mathematical modeling, Environmental sensing, Visualization, Visual process modeling
The paper briefly describes the physical foundations of water and ice characteristics according to microwave data. A review of the work is presented where, based on model calculations and experimental measurements, the emissivity of the ice cover in the microwave range is described, the questions of the development of models for sea ice with strong and moderate absorption and porous structures, the features of the radiation indices of young ice, ice with low salinity and pack ice. Specific examples of the classification of phenomena on the water surface and ice cover are given. The program modules included in the system were used to process data from radiophysical experiments with the Kosmos- 1500 satellite for the Arctic regions. The statistical characteristics of the "spotting" of the radio brightness temperatures, obtained for the most informative thresholds, are analyzed. It is asserted that these characteristics can be used in the detection of abnormal phenomena on the water surface and ice cover.
The paper deals with the construction of a model of "spotting" of the background characteristics of the studied space according to remote sensing data. The most obvious way to identify spots is the threshold setting method. In this case, the area of the spot includes that part of the space in which the indicator of the medium for this channel exceeds (l+- characteristic) or does not exceed (l-- characteristic) the threshold value. The work is carried out modular structure of the statistical modeling system of spotting The structure of the software is proposed. A subsystem for studying the characteristics of "spotting" is considered, as well as a subsystem for qualitative interpretation and visualization of geoinformation monitoring data. The corresponding software modules are considered. The proposed method was used to study the characteristics of the "spotting" of the "ocean-atmosphere" system based on satellite data for some regions of the World Ocean.
Application of means of remote environmental monitoring in many cases is connected to acceptance of the statistical decision on presence on a surveyed part Terrestrial surface of this or that phenomenon. One of features of a condition of gathering of the information for such decision is the impossibility of reception the big statistical samples. Therefore development and research of optimum algorithms of distinction of the casual signals characterized by samples of limited volume, in conditions of parametrical aprioristic uncertainty are necessary. At present time there are many methods of recognition which are caused appreciably by variety of statements of concrete tasks. The feature of remote measurements is information acquisition, when the data of measurements, acquired during tracing of flying system along routes of survey, are directed to input of the processing system. As result the two dimensional image of investigated object is registered. Statistical model of spottiness for investigated space is one of models for this image. Statistical characteristics ''spottiness'' microwave temperatures can be used at recognitions and classifications of the phenomena on a surface of the ocean, distinguished by a degree of excitement. In the present work the generalized adaptive algorithm of training to acceptance of statistical decisions for exponential classes of distributions is developed at aprioristic parametrical uncertainty of conditions small samples. Numerical examples are shown. Efficiency of the developed optimum procedure for small samples is shown.
KEYWORDS: Computing systems, Data storage, Ocean optics, Systems modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Statistical analysis, Microwave radiation, Data modeling, Environmental monitoring, Data processing
Development of remote monitoring systems (RMS) demands the decision of some problems of the organisation of data flows of measurements. These systems the important place is occupied with the systems focused on studying of marine systems. The technique of detection offered in given work and identification of the abnormal phenomena in the marine environment (microwave and optical) combines presence with application of possibilities of remote measurements algorithmic and the software, allowing to solve measurement and detection problems in real time.
The effective decision of these problems is impossible without wide introduction in practice of researches of the automated systems of gathering, storage and data processing on the basis of modern computer systems with application of technology of open systems
In this paper presented, a remote monitoring system for detecting anomalies on the sea surface is considered. Estimates of the effectiveness of a multichannel solver are obtained. As an informative sign of waiting for the detection of anomalies on the sea surface, a model of the "spotting" of the surveyed surface was developed on the basis of empirical data. Also estimates were obtained of the feasibility of the fixing block RMS in the case of mobile anomalies The experimental verification of the effectiveness of the algorithms considered is based on data from the "Intercosmos-21" satellite for the Pacific regions.
KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems, Environmental monitoring, Chemical elements, Environmental sensing, Satellites, Systems modeling, Data processing, Data modeling, Information technology, Remote sensing
This paper is directed to the widening of cumulative experience in the development of effective and reliable information modeling technologies for the equipping of microwave and optical monitoring of hydrological systems having different spatial scales. The problem urgency is caused by the necessity of perfecting the existing information technologies including Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) in the direction of broadening their functions and optimization of instrumental tools for hydrological monitoring with the orientation on the detection of extreme hydrological processes. GIMS - technology develops GIS technology towards the realization of the formula: GIMS = GIS + model. In other words, the functions of GIS enlivened by the introduction of a new grid-time scale. The result is a forecasting tool and, therefore, may carry out a dynamic integration of environmental information.
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