Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a very promising way for the development of heavy oil, extra heavy oil and tight oil reservoirs. Proper monitoring of the SAGD operations is essential to avoid operational issues and improve efficiency. Among all the monitoring techniques, micro-seismic monitoring and related interpretation method can give useful information about the steam chamber development and has been extensively studied. Distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) based on Rayleigh backscattering is a newly developed technique that can measure acoustic signal at all points along the sensing fiber. In this paper, we demonstrate a DAS system based on dual-pulse heterodyne demodulation technique and did field trial in SAGD well located in Xinjiang Oilfield, China. The field trail results validated the performance of the DAS system and indicated its applicability in steam-chamber monitoring and hydraulic monitoring.
Distributed optical fiber sensing system (DOFS) has great potential in areas of petroleum exploration and ocean defense.
By algorithm optimization in different coding environment, the multi-point and real-time heterodyne demodulation of
DOFS is achieved. In experiments, the length of the optical fiber is 500m, the spatial resolution is 5m and the system
sampling rate is 200kHz, under which condition the data rate reaches up to 160MB/s and the system can stilled be
demodulated timely. Based on this, by plotting the three-dimensional diagram (vibration intensity versus time and space),
the whole DOFS can be detected continuously and accurately.
A phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) system using dual heterodyne pulses combined with heterodyne demodulation is proposed. The theory of this system is analyzed. The experimental results show that this system can achieve a very large dynamic range with a frequency range of 50 Hz to 25 kHz and an amplitude range of 0.9 rad to 73 rad. At the same time, multi vibrations at different locations can also be well detected.
In this paper, a new scheme for delay parameters measurement in time division multiplexing (TDM) fiber optic interferometric sensor (FOIS) network is proposed. This scheme provides a solution of delay parameters measurement through the variance vector of the reshaped original data. By calculating the correlation between the variance vector and the system's pulse template vector, the scheme is capable to resist much more noise in the original data. Even when the SNR of the original data decreases to 7 dB, the scheme can still work with a correct rate higher than 98%. What's more, the scheme is feasible to be carried out, and it is able to work real-time.
In this paper, we propose a new type of push-pull structure fiber optic accelerometer based on 3×3 coupler for the first time and carried out measurements of its responsivity and cross-axis sensitivity. With specific algorithm, the phase signal of the sensor can be extracted without complicated modulation and demodulation. Experiments show that the responsivity of the accelerometer is larger than 40dB (0dB ref 1rad/g) within the frequency band from 10Hz to 800Hz, which agrees well with the theoretical analysis. In addition, the cross-axis sensitivity can be optimized as low as about -30dB due to the push-pull structure. The results reported here indicate that this type of fiber optic accelerometer can be applied in vibration sensing such as micro seismic monitoring.
The properties of noise induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in long-range interferometers and their influences on the positioning accuracy of dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric (DMZI) vibration sensing systems are studied. The SBS noise is found to be white and incoherent between the two arms of the interferometer in a 1-MHz bandwidth range. Experiments on 25-km long fibers show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the positioning accuracy is consistent with the additive noise model for the time delay estimation theory. A low-pass filter can be properly designed to suppress the SBS noise and further achieve a maximum RMSE reduction of 6.7 dB.
Two 16-element fiber-optic seismometer arrays based on combined wavelength- and time domain multiplexing technology have been designed and investigated, followed by a field test, which is focused on the sensitivities of the sensors and correlation of the signal. The field test shows that the consistency of the sensitivities is pretty good, though the fluctuation of sensitivities at different frequencies should not be ignored. The method to calculate the correlation of two sensors is presented briefly and the results show an acceptable high level. The field test indicates that it’s available to use the arrays in practical applications of micro-seismic.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.