We report on polarized spectroscopic properties of Ho3+ ions in orthorhombic (sp. gr. Pnma) yttrium orthoaluminate YAlO3 crystals for laser development at 2 μm and 3 μm. This includes polarized Raman, absorption and luminescence spectra, fluorescence lifetime measurements and Stark energy-level study. The transition intensities for Ho3+ ions are calculated using the Judd-Ofelt theory. The peak stimulated-emission cross-sections are 2.01×10-20 cm2 at 1977 nm (5 I7 → 5 I8) and 2.31×10-20 cm2 at 2918 nm (5 I6 → 5 I7) for light polarization E || b. For both transitions, pump-induced polarization-switching is expected. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 5 I7 and 5 I6 Ho3+ manifolds are 7.27 and 0.36 ms, respectively (for 1 at.% Ho3+ -doping).
We report on the growth, structure and spectroscopy of an Er3+ -doped Na5Y9F32 (5NaF∙9YF3) crystal featuring significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening. Single-crystals of Na5Y9F32 doped with 0.22 – 9.63 at.% Er3+ were grown by the Czochralski method. Er:Na5Y9F32 exhibits a cubic fluorite-type structure (a = 5.4881(2) Å for 5.59 at.% Er3+ doping). The most intense Raman band of this material is found at ~404 cm-1 . Er3+ ions in Na5Y9F32 exhibit a broad and smooth emission band owing to the 4 I11/2 → 4 I13/2 transition with a maximum stimulated-emission cross-section of 0.42×10-20 cm2 at 2708 nm. According to the Judd-Ofelt analysis, the radiative lifetime of the 4 I11/2 multiplet is 10.0 ms and the luminescence branching ratio β( 4 I11/2 → 4 I13/2) is 17.6%. The luminescence lifetimes of the 4 I11/2 and 4 I13/2 Er3+ states were studied as a function of the doping concentration. For 5.59 at.% Er doping, they are 7.72 ms and 6.69 ms, respectively, representing a favorable ratio for mid-infrared laser operation.
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