We propose the fusion between two concepts that are very successful in the area of 3D imaging and sensing. Kinect technology permits the registration, in real time, but with low resolution, of accurate depth maps of big, opaque, diffusing 3D scenes. Our proposal consists on transforming the sampled depth map, provided by the Kinect technology, into an array of microimages whose position; pitch and resolution are in good accordance with the characteristics of an integral- imaging monitor. By projecting this information onto such monitor we are able to produce 3D images with continuous perspective and full parallax.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Visualization, 3D surface sensing, Cameras, 3D visualizations, 3D image reconstruction, Camouflage, 3D modeling, 3D displays, Sensors
In this paper, we present an overview of three-dimensional imaging and visualization of camouflaged objects using
axially distributed sensing. The axially distributed sensing method collects three-dimensional information for a
camouflaged object. Using the corrected elemental images, three-dimensional slice images are visualized using the
digital reconstruction algorithm based on inverse ray projection model. In addition, we introduce the analysis of the
depth resolution in our axially distributed sensing structure. The optical experiments are performed to capture
longitudinal elemental images of a camouflaged object and to visualize the three-dimensional slice images with digital
reconstruction.
In this paper, we propose a 3D sensing and visualization of micro-objects using an axially distributed image capture
system. In the proposed method, the micro-object is optically magnified and the axial images of magnified micro-object
are recorded using axially distributed image capture. The recorded images are used to visualize the 3D scene using the
computational reconstruction algorithm based on ray back-projection. To show the usefulness of the proposed method,
we carry out preliminary experiments and present the results.
This paper addresses the efficient compression scheme of elemental image array (EIA) generated from the moving
array lenslet technique (MALT) based on MPEG-4. The EIAs are picked-up by MALT controlling the spatial ray
sampling of ray and which produces few EIAs that the positions of the lenslet arrays are rapidly vibrated in the lateral
directions within the retention time of the afterimage of human eye. To enhance the similarity in each EIA picked-up by
MALT, several EIAs obtained from MALT are regenerated by the collection of an elemental image occupied at the same
position in each EIA. The newly generated each EIA has high similarity among adjacent elemental images. To illustrate
the feasibility of the proposed scheme, some experiments are carried out to show the increased compression efficiency
and we obtained the improved compression ratio of 12% compared to the unhandled compression scheme.
In this paper, we propose a fast local reconstruction method of the 3-D image in the computational integral imaging system. In the proposed method, after selecting a reconstruction plane, the pixel of the reconstruction plane is obtained by calculating the average of the pixel values corresponding to each elemental image. That is called here a backward computational integral imaging reconstruction, which doesn't need the normalization process after reconstruction. Then, the elemental image array transformed by using sub-image transforms to produce a sub-image array. Finally, we use the stereo matching algorism for detecting the area of the object image in the each sub-image. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we implement various computer simulations and present the results.
In this paper, we propose an optical method for 3-D image correlator using reconstructed integral plane images. In the
proposed correlator based on integral imaging, elemental images of the reference and signal 3-D objects are recorded by
lenslet arrays and then reference and signal integral plane images are optically reconstructed on the output plane by
displaying these elemental images into a display panel. Through cross-correlations between the reconstructed reference
and the single plane images, 3-D object recognition is performed. The proposed method can provide all-optical structure
for real-time 3-D object recognition system. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, optical experiments are
carried out and the results are presented as well.
A floating-image display technique, which can project two-dimensional images into a real space through a convex lens
or a concave mirror, has been studied as a new approach for implementation of the next-generation three-dimensional
(3D) display system. However, the conventional floating-image display system was implemented just by using active
display devices such as LCD panel and it could provide only a real plane image in space to an observer comparing with
other 3D display systems having different perspectives. For practical application of a floating-image display system to
3D display systems, multi-layered display structure might be required to present multi-depth images in space. In this
paper, a novel floating-image display system composed of two plane images with different depth by use of a half mirror
is proposed. One plane image of an object is provided with the conventional floating-image display system to present
and the other plane image of a background is provided with the integral imaging technique. Therefore, the proposed
display system can provide high-resolution floating images with background images having different perspectives to
observers. To show the usefulness of the proposed system, some experiments are carried out and the results are presented
as well.
KEYWORDS: Digital watermarking, Image processing, 3D image processing, Discrete wavelet transforms, 3D displays, Feature extraction, Integral imaging, Information technology, Data communications, Image sensors
In this paper, a new watermarking scheme using elemental images in integral imaging for protection of information is
proposed. Elemental images, which have an effect of distributing information of three-dimensional objects, are used as a
watermark. The elemental images watermark with depth information of embedded patterns provides us to reconstruct
entire embedded pattern with partial information. To show the usefulness of the proposed scheme, we carry out
preliminary experiments and show some experimental results.
KEYWORDS: 3D image reconstruction, 3D image processing, Integral imaging, Imaging systems, Imaging arrays, Image quality, 3D displays, Stereoscopy, 3D modeling, Image resolution
In this paper, we propose a novel performance-enhanced computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) system by
use of elemental image array (EIA) obtained by using a simultaneous pickup scheme of far three-dimensional (3-D)
objects from the lenslet array in both real and virtual image fields. In the proposed system, an imaging lens between
lenslet array and 3-D objects to overcome limitation of pickup range is introduced, the EIA through additional imaging
lens is recorded with image sensor, and the pickuped EIA is reconstructed by use of CIIR technique. Additional imaging
lens produces an image shift effect of 3-D objects located far away from the lenslet array. To show the usefulness of the
proposed system, some experiments are carried out for real 3-D objects and its results are presented.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, 3D acquisition, Integral imaging, Object recognition, 3D displays, Target recognition, Target detection, Optical correlators, Image resolution
In this paper, a novel resolution-enhanced three-dimensional (3-D) image correlator by use of computationally
reconstructed integral images is proposed to extract accurate location data of 3-D objects. Elemental images of the target
and reference objects are picked up by lenslet arrays and from which, high-resolution target and reference plane images
are reconstructed at the output plane by using a computational integral imaging reconstruction technique. Then, through
cross-correlations between the reconstructed reference and target plane images, 3-D location data of the target objects in
a scene can be robustly extracted. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, some experiments are carried out and
its results are presented as well.
KEYWORDS: Integral imaging, Imaging systems, 3D image processing, 3D displays, Neodymium, Computing systems, Image enhancement, Information technology, Geometrical optics, LCDs
In this paper, we propose a curved integral imaging system using an additional large-aperture lens. The additional largeaperture
lens provides full-directional curvature effect and improves viewing angle compared with conventional system.
The proposed system has a simple structure due to the use of well-fabricated conventional flat devices without any
modification. A modified computer-generated pickup technique based on ABCD matrix is introduced to calculate
elemental images of the proposed system. To show the usefulness of the proposed system, optical experiments are
carried out and the results are presented. In addition, we analyze the enhanced viewing angle according to the object
location and the limited image size theoretically.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, 3D modeling, Integral imaging, Image resolution, 3D displays, Image processing, 3D image enhancement, Optical engineering, Image quality
A new enhanced-resolution computational integral imaging reconstruction method employing an intermediate-view reconstruction (IVR) technique is presented. In the proposed method, as many intermediate elemental images as required can be synthesized from the limited number of picked-up elemental images by using the IVR technique. With sufficient overlapping of this increased number of elemental images in the reconstruction image plane, an enhanced-resolution 3-D image can be displayed. To show the feasibility of the proposed scheme, some experiments were performed, and their results are presented.
In this paper, a new II system that can magnify 3-D reconstructed images by employing an intermediate-view
reconstruction technique(IVRT) is proposed, in which the number of the elemental images obtained from one-step
pickup process could be computationally increased by use of an IVRT without needs of mechanical movement and long
multi-step pickup process. To show the feasibility of the proposed II system, some optical experiments on magnification
of 3-D reconstructed images with real 3D objects of "toys" have been carried out and its results are presented.
KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, Image resolution, 3D displays, 3D modeling, Integral imaging, Image processing, Optical components, Superposition, Imaging arrays
In this paper, a new resolution-enhanced computational integral imaging reconstruction method employing an intermediate-view reconstruction technique is presented. In the proposed method, a number of intermediate elemental images can be synthesized as many as required from the limited number of picked up elemental images by using the IVR technique. With sufficient overlapping of this increased number of elemental images in the reconstruction image plane, a resolution-enhanced 3D image can be displayed. To show a feasibility of the proposed scheme, some experiments were performed and its results were presented as well.
In this paper, we present the characteristics of integral imaging systems with large depth when using plane illumination and diffusing illumination. For each system, we perform ray analysis based on ray optics. To check visual quality through optical experiments, we use an average image of observed images pickuped at various positions within large depth. Experimental results show that the use of diffusing illumination can improve visual quality of reconstruction
3-D images in large depth integral imaging system.
In order to obtain a small spot size of the data-bearing signal beam with a uniform intensity distribution at the recording plane, we studied an image folding technique using a lenslet array. The use of such a signal beam may improve the area storage density in holographic memories with a disk-shape storage medium. Computer simulations show that our technique based on image folding can give better results than the defocusing method does both in the intensity uniformity of the signal beam and in the area storage density.
We propose a method to extract features optically from the input pattern by use of an array of the Hough transform filters. Here the subparts of the input pattern are Hough transformed by their corresponding elements of the filter array independently and simultaneously. Being compared with the conventional method, in which the whole input pattern is Hough transformed by a single optical filter, our method provides not only the improved transform accuracy but also the approximate position information of the line segment features. To show the feasibility of our approach, we fabricated a 5 X 5 filter array and performed preliminary experiments.
We explain that it is possible in principle to detect a change in light transmittance and phase shift of transparent materials without exposing even a single photon on them. Based on such interaction-free measurement, novel rewritable optical memories can be constructed with a photo-sensitive medium. In this case, even if the stored data are vulnerable to light, they can be read out without (or, at least a reduced) data impairment, because there is no (or, at least a reduced) interaction between the photon and the medium. We also discuss the effect of two system imperfections, the system loss and the low quantum efficiency of photon detectors, when such memories are to be implemented.
In multi-hologram recording, a simple system to implement rotational, angular, and spatial multiplexing efficiently together is proposed and experimented. The methods of both rotational and angular multiplexing are obtained by controlling the reference beam directly by the use of a pair of wedge prisms, while the method of spatial multiplexing is obtained by shifting the recording medium. The proposed system structure makes it easy to realize a practical holographic memory system by simplifying the control of three complex mechanical motions that are necessary for the three multiplexing techniques.
We explain that a holographic filter of the generalized Hough transform can be easily obtained by the use of multiplexing techniques in hologram recording. To show the feasibility of our approach experimentally, we recorded the Hough transform filter of both line and circle parameterizations by combined use of rotational and angle multiplexing. Experimental results on the Hough transform for a few input patterns are presented.
We describe a simple scheme of optical interconnections between M input and N output terminals based on holographic code-division multiple-access (CDMA). Here an MxN multimode fiber coupler is used for the signal beam paths and its mode speckle patterns are for interconnection destination codes. Fully parallel nonblocking interconnections are accomplished by launching the signal beams into the input terminals properly and then by detecting the generated mode speckle patterns separately using M multiplexed holographic filters at each output terminal. We report basic experimental results to show the feasibility of our scheme, in which for simple demonstration the beam launching angles are controlled at the input terminal to generate the different output mode speckle patterns.
For a flexible pattern recognition system that is robust to the input variations, a feature extraction approach is investigated. Two types of features are extracted: one is line orientations, and the other is the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the patterns that cannot be distinguished with the line orientation features alone. For the feature extraction, the Vander Lugt-type filters are used, which are recorded in a small spot of holographic recording medium by use of multiplexing techniques. A multilayer perceptron implemented in a computer is trained with a set of optically extracted features, so that it can recognize the input patterns that are not used in the training. Through preliminary experiments, where English character patterns composed of only straight line segments were tested, the feasibility of our approach is demonstrated.
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