Direct laser writing (DLW) emerged as one of the technologies promising to overcome challenges posed by the field of medicine. It combines additive and subtractive manufacturing, sub-diffraction limited resolution, and complete design freedom of manufactured structures. There is a drive to push it from laboratory-level use to a widespread solution. Here we present several examples of how DLW can be used for it. It includes high-speed printing of flexible medical scaffolds. Lab-on-chip and organ-on-chip devices, including namely cell perforator, slow flow meter, and macromolecule separator. We show how to improve fabrication throughput without compromising fabrication resolution and/or quality.
Direct laser writing (DLW) based on the femtosecond (fs) pulse-induced light-matter interaction expanded considerably during the last decades. The key advantage of using fs lasers for DLW is the possibility to exploit various nonlinear light-matter interaction regimes as well as control the thermal aspect of the process. This work is dedicated to exploring the capabilities of expanding DLW in several possible biomedical application areas where fs lasers could yield a very attractive, high throughput solution. Namely, we will be discussing how hybrid additive-subtractive DLW can be exploited for the high-throughput fabrication of integrated microfluidic systems. Furthermore, a mechanical flexible scaffold will be presented. Finally, a possibility to produce very high precision metalized 3D structures by using pre-existing high-throughput multi-photon polymerization capabilities will be shown. In all cases, attention will be placed on the unique capabilities of fs-lasers in DLW as well as practical considerations of the processes and their up-scaling.
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