Dr. Christoph C. Borel-Donohue Profile

Dr. Christoph C. Borel-Donohue

Retired Remote Sensing Scientist/Engineer

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Area of Expertise:

Hyper-spectral and multi-spectral imaging , Thermal remote sensing , Microwave remote sensing , Image Processing , Scene simulation , Computer Graphics

Profile Summary

Vita:
* Undergraduate and graduate studies at ETH in Zurich, Switzerland. Award for best Diploma thesis on speech analysis.
* PhD in EE from University of Massachusetts in Amherst on millimeter wave remote sensing.
* Post-doc and staffmember at Los Alamos National Lab working in Earth observation, nuclear non-proliferation and passive chemical gas plume sensing.
* Industrial experience as a senior technical manager and researcher working at Ball Aerospace on persistent surveillance.
* Academic experience as a associate research professor at Air Force Institute of Technology working on overhead persistent infrared, gamma ray spectroscopy mapping, human gait analysis. Government experience as distinguished fellow, government overhire and full-time employee at DOD research laboratory .

Over 40 years of experience in optical and microwave remote sensing, imaging and algorithm development with over 100 publications.

Highlights:
* Developed temperature emissivity retrieval method ARTEMISS for LWIR.
* Developed atmospheric correction algorithms APDA for water vapor retrieval in the NIR.
* Performed end-to-end processing for thermal data for a multispectral sensor to retrieve water temperature.
* Calibration and processing of imaging Fourier transform spectrometers.
* Developed sub-pixel target tracking algorithms using higher order statistical moments

Current interests are:
AI/ML, object detection, synthetic image generation for training deep CNN, military simulations scripting Arma3/VBS3, visual localization in urban terrain when GPS is degraded or denied, computer vision, gaming engine agent based applications for AI/ML, simulation of complex systems using Netlogo, LIDAR point cloud processing, procedural scene generation, video processing and analysis, activity recognition, 3D reconstruction from UAV imagery, autonomous navigation using video of ground and air vehicles.

Programming languages:
OpenCV, Python, C#, Processing, Unity 3d

Clearances: TS/SCI

Publications (51)

Proceedings Article | 10 May 2019 Paper

Paper

Image quality and super resolution effects on object recognition using deep neural networks

Christoph Borel-Donohue, S. Susan Young

Proceedings Volume 11006, 110061M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2518524

KEYWORDS: Image compression, Signal to noise ratio, Image quality, Object recognition, Super resolution, Target detection, Digital filtering, Image filtering, Neural networks, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

A real-time object detection framework for aerial imagery using deep neural networks and synthetic training images

Priya Narayanan, Christoph Borel-Donohue, Hyungtae Lee, Heesung Kwon, Raghuveer Rao

Proceedings Volume 10646, 1064614 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306154

KEYWORDS: Neural networks, Airborne remote sensing, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Machine vision, Computer vision technology, Video surveillance, Video, Situational awareness sensors, Object recognition, Surveillance

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Spectral and spatial variability of undisturbed and disturbed grass under different view and illumination directions

Christoph Borel-Donohue, Sarah Wells Shivers, Damon Conover

Proceedings Volume 10198, 101980I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262878

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Reflection, Spatial resolution, Infrared spectroscopy, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Reflectivity, Cameras, Reconstruction algorithms, 3D image reconstruction

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Visualizing UAS-collected imagery using augmented reality

Damon Conover, Brittany Beidleman, Ryan McAlinden, Christoph Borel-Donohue

Proceedings Volume 10207, 102070C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262864

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Augmented reality, 3D displays, 3D image processing, Head-mounted displays, 3D visualizations, 3D vision, Defense technologies, 3D applications, Situational awareness sensors, 3D modeling, Clouds, Photogrammetry, Cameras, Software development

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Paper

Solid target spectral variability in LWIR

Dalton Rosario, Christoph Borel, Joao Romano

Proceedings Volume 9840, 98400Q (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222939

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Solids, Pattern recognition, Black bodies, Data modeling, Sensors, Calibration, Target detection, Spectral resolution, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2015 Paper

Paper

Pattern recognition in hyperspectral persistent imaging

Dalton Rosario, Joao Romano, Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 9472, 947204 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177425

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Sensors, Pattern recognition, Clouds, Calibration, Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, Black bodies, Data acquisition, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2014 Paper

Paper

Statistical moments based methods for detecting sub-pixel target tracks in large image sequences

Christoph Borel, David Bunker, Lori Mahoney

Proceedings Volume 9089, 90890U (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050004

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Target detection, Sensors, Interference (communication), Image processing, Palladium, Imaging systems, Detection and tracking algorithms, Point spread functions, Distributed computing

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2014 Paper

Paper

First observations using SPICE hyperspectral dataset

Dalton Rosario, Joao Romano, Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 9088, 90880O (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049983

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Calibration, Clouds, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric sensing, Spectral resolution, Black bodies, Data acquisition, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2013 Paper

Paper

Extraction of human gait signatures: an inverse kinematic approach using Groebner basis theory applied to gait cycle analysis

Anum Barki, Kimberly Kendricks, Ronald Tuttle, David Bunker, Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 8734, 87340L (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018336

KEYWORDS: Gait analysis, Kinematics, Motion models, Motion analysis, Human-machine interfaces, Molybdenum, Analytical research, MATLAB, Data modeling, Pattern recognition

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Range-invariant anomaly detection applied to imaging Fourier transform spectrometry data

Christoph Borel, Dalton Rosario, Joao Romano

Proceedings Volume 8515, 85150J (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930177

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Black bodies, Fourier transforms, Detection and tracking algorithms, Spectroscopy, Image processing, Algorithm development, Data processing, Niobium

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Proceedings Article | 7 October 2011 Paper

Paper

Multispectral vegetative canopy parameter retrieval

Christoph Borel, David Bunker

Proceedings Volume 8174, 81740T (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.898491

KEYWORDS: Vegetation, Reflectivity, Sensors, Data modeling, Absorption, Near infrared, Atmospheric modeling, Nitrogen, Scattering, Agriculture

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2011 Paper

Paper

Multi- and hyperspectral scene modeling

Christoph Borel, Ronald Tuttle

Proceedings Volume 8048, 80481G (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884585

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Multiple scattering, Near infrared, Scattering, 3D image processing, Ray tracing, 3D modeling, Light scattering, RGB color model, Vegetation

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 2010 Paper

Paper

First imaging Fourier-transform spectral measurements of detonation in an internal combustion engine

Kevin Gross, Chris Borel, Allen White, Stephen Sakai, Rebecca DeVasher, Glen Perram

Proceedings Volume 7812, 78120J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861336

KEYWORDS: Combustion, Sapphire, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Reconstruction algorithms, Spectral resolution, Algorithm development, Time metrology, Computer simulations, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 2010 Paper

Paper

Improved panchromatic sharpening of multi-spectral image data

Christoph Borel, Ronald Tuttle, Clyde Spencer

Proceedings Volume 7812, 78120G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863110

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Multispectral imaging, RGB color model, Point spread functions, Vegetation, Image restoration, Image quality, Image fusion, Radiometry, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 2010 Paper

Paper

Improving the detectability of small spectral targets through spatial filtering

Christoph Borel, Ronald Tuttle

Proceedings Volume 7812, 78120K (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863111

KEYWORDS: Electronic filtering, Point spread functions, Target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Sensors, Image filtering, Signal to noise ratio, Spatial filters, Image enhancement, Dysprosium

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Paper

Simulating systematic scene-change artifacts in Fourier-transform spectroscopy

Kevin Gross, Anthony Young, Christoph Borel, Bryan Steward, Glen Perram

Proceedings Volume 7695, 76951Y (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849128

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Temperature metrology, Spectroscopy, Interferometry, Absorption, Interferometers, Time metrology, Apodization, Atmospheric modeling, Transmittance

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2009 Paper

Paper

Algorithm for retrieving vegetative canopy and leaf parameters from multi- and hyperspectral imagery

Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 7334, 73340X (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.817723

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Curium, Data modeling, Vegetation, Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Absorption, Visual process modeling, Soil science

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Proceedings Article | 27 August 2008 Paper

Paper

Method for retrieving column water vapor at night using mid-wave infrared bands

Christoph Borel, Michael Abel

Proceedings Volume 7086, 70860G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.794945

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Mid-IR, Sensors, Atmospheric modeling, Humidity, Temperature metrology, Atmospheric physics, Terbium, Computer simulations, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2007 Paper

Paper

Error analysis for a temperature and emissivity retrieval algorithm for hyperspectral imaging data

Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 6565, 65651Q (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719784

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Atmospheric modeling, Temperature metrology, Ozone, Computer simulations, Atmospheric corrections, Error analysis, Spectral calibration, Absorption, Algorithm development

Read Abstract +

In the hyperspectral thermal data analysis temperature-emissivity separation has the same function as reflectance retrieval in the visible and shortwave infrared. The problem however is more complicated since in the thermal the surface emits and reflects radiation. The measured radiance is a function of the materials' surface emissivity and temperature, reflected down welling radiance (clear sky, clouds environment) and the path radiance (temperature and gas (e.g. water vapor, ozone) profiles). The current implementation of the Automatic Retrieval of Temperature and EMIssivity using Spectral Smoothness (ARTEMISS) uses look-up-tables (LUT) to infer the best fitting atmosphere which results in the smallest residual to the In-Scene Atmospheric Compensation (ISAC) estimated transmission. Over last few years we have developed an end-to-end simulation of the hyper spectral exploitation process by generating synthetic data to simulate datasets with "known" ground truth, modeling propagation through the atmosphere, adding sensor effects (telescope, detector, read-out electronics), radiometric and spectral calibration, and test the temperature emissivity separation algorithm. We will present an error analysis where we shifted the band centers, varied the full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the spectral response function, changed the spectral resolution, added noise and varied the atmospheric model. We will also discuss a general method to retrieve the spectral smile as a function of wavelength and the FWHM from hyperspectral data with only approximate spectral calibration. We found that our algorithm has trouble finding a unique solution when the watervapor exceeds about 3 g/cm² and will discuss remedies for this situation. To speedup the LUT generation we have developed fast and robust initial atmospheric parameter estimators (water vapor, ozone, near surface atmospheric layer temperature) based on channel ratios and brightness temperatures in atmospheric absorption regions for the LWIR.

Proceedings Article | 1 September 2006 Paper

Paper

Atmospheric correction of airborne POLDER polarimetric imagery using vectorized 6S

Christoph Borel, Clyde Spencer

Proceedings Volume 6302, 63020T (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.680814

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Sensors, Atmospheric corrections, Polarimetry, Scattering, Reflectivity, Sun, Optical filters, Aerosols, Image filtering

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We are interested in using wide-field-of-view polarimetric imagers such as airborne POLDER (LOA, University of Lille) and AMPI (NASA) to study polarization signatures of surface targets. The airborne POLDER instrument has a field of view +/- 43° in along-track and +/- 51° cross-track. It records imagery through a rotating filter wheel with spectral filters, and in two spectral bands with linear polarization filters orientated at 0°, 60°, and 120° while flying at 70 m/s, generating images that need to be registered before spectra or the Stokes vectors can be computed. The atmospheric contributions, particularly in the short-wavelength visible bands, are anisotropic due to the scattering from molecules and aerosols, and the contrast is quite low, making automated image registration impossible. Thus, it is necessary to remove the polarized upwelling atmospheric contributions from the at-sensor radiances before the images can be registered, and target-leaving Stokes parameters can be derived. We accomplished the atmospheric correction by using the recently released vectorized version of the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6Sv) from Eric Vermote et al. 1997. We wrote a front-end in IDL to run 6Sv over a range of viewing zenith and azimuth angles. The resulting Stokes parameters are then interpolated to a grid of input viewing coordinates for the sensor. Next, the Stokes hemispherical path radiances are converted to match the data of the airborne POLDER instrument for the linear polarization angles of 0°, 60°, and 120°. The upwelling atmospheric intensities are subtracted from the respective polarimetric intensity images and the difference is divided by the transmission multiplied with the solar irradiance. This atmospheric correction significantly reduces the low-frequency variations in intensity in the images resulting from atmospheric scattering. The atmospherically corrected intensity images at 0°, 60°, and 120° are then used to calculate the Stokes parameter images in the usual fashion. From the Stokes parameter images we calculate the degree and azimuth of linear polarization images for the surface.

Proceedings Article | 8 May 2006 Paper

Paper

MODTRAN5: 2006 update

Alexander Berk, Gail Anderson, Prabhat Acharya, Lawrence Bernstein, Leon Muratov, Jamine Lee, Marsha Fox, Steve Adler-Golden, James Chetwynd, Michael Hoke, Ronald Lockwood, James Gardner, Thomas Cooley, Christoph Borel, Paul Lewis, Eric Shettle

Proceedings Volume 6233, 62331F (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665077

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Spectral resolution, Atmospheric modeling, Data modeling, Transmittance, Multiple scattering, MODIS, Analytical research, Infrared radiation, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2005 Paper

Paper

MODTRAN 5: a reformulated atmospheric band model with auxiliary species and practical multiple scattering options: update

Alexander Berk, Gail Anderson, Prabhat Acharya, Lawrence Bernstein, Leon Muratov, Jamine Lee, Marsha Fox, Steve Adler-Golden, James Chetwynd, Michael Hoke, Ronald Lockwood, James Gardner, Thomas Cooley, Christoph Borel, Paul Lewis

Proceedings Volume 5806, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.606026

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Atmospheric modeling, Spectral resolution, Multiple scattering, Data modeling, Databases, Statistical modeling, Analytical research, Transmittance, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 7 January 2004 Paper

Paper

LANL MTI science team experience

Lee Balick, Christopher Borel, Petr Chylek, William Clodius, Anthony Davis, Bradley Henderson, Amy Galbraith, Stefanie Lawson, Paul Pope, Andrew Rodger, James Theiler

Proceedings Volume 5159, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.509781

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Aerosols, Reflectivity, Atmospheric modeling, Calibration, Data modeling, Satellites, Algorithm development, Model-based design, Thermography

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The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a technology test and demonstration satellite whose primary mission involved a finite number of technical objectives. MTI was not designed, or supported, to become a general purpose operational satellite. The role of the MTI science team is to provide a core group of system-expert scientists who perform the scientific development and technical evaluations needed to meet programmatic objectives. Another mission for the team is to develop algorithms to provide atmospheric compensation and quantitative retrieval of surface parameters to a relatively small community of MTI users. Finally, the science team responds and adjusts to unanticipated events in the life of the satellite. Broad or general lessons learned include the value of working closely with the people who perform the calibration of the data as well as those providing archived image and retrieval products. Close interaction between the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) teams was very beneficial to the overall effort as well as the science effort. Secondly, as time goes on we make increasing use of gridded global atmospheric data sets which are products of global weather model data assimilation schemes. The Global Data Assimilation System information is available globally every six hours and the Rapid Update Cycle products are available over much of the North America and its coastal regions every hour. Additionally, we did not anticipate the quantity of validation data or time needed for thorough algorithm validation. Original validation plans called for a small number of intensive validation campaigns soon after launch. One or two intense validation campaigns are needed but are not sufficient to define performance over a range of conditions or for diagnosis of deviations between ground and satellite products. It took more than a year to accumulate a good set of validation data. With regard to the specific programmatic objectives, we feel that we can do a reasonable job on retrieving surface water temperatures well within the 1°C objective under good observing conditions. Before the loss of the onboard calibration system, sea surface retrievals were usually within 0.5°C. After that, the retrievals are usually within 0.8°C during the day and 0.5°C at night. Daytime atmospheric water vapor retrievals have a scatter that was anticipated: within 20%. However, there is error in using the Aerosol Robotic Network retrievals as validation data which may be due to some combination of calibration uncertainties, errors in the ground retrievals, the method of comparison, and incomplete physics. Calibration of top-of-atmosphere radiance measurements to surface reflectance has proven daunting. We are not alone here: it is a difficult problem to solve generally and the main issue is proper compensation for aerosol effects. Getting good reflectance validation data over a number of sites has proven difficult but, when assumptions are met, the algorithm usually performs quite well. Aerosol retrievals for off-nadir views seem to perform better than near-nadir views and the reason for this is under investigation. Land surface temperature retrieval and temperature-emissivity separations are difficult to perform accurately with multispectral sensors. An interactive cloud masking system was implemented for production use. Clouds are so spectrally and spatially variable that users are encouraged to carefully evaluate the delivered mask for their own needs. The same is true for the water mask. This mask is generated from a spectral index that works well for deep, clear water, but there is much variability in water spectral reflectance inland and along coasts. The value of the second-look maneuvers has not yet been fully or systematically evaluated. Early experiences indicated that the original intentions have marginal value for MTI objectives, but potentially important new ideas have been developed. Image registration (the alignment of data from different focal planes) and band-to-band registration has been a difficult problem to solve, at least for mass production of the images in a processing pipeline. The problems, and their solutions, are described in another paper.

Proceedings Article | 17 January 2002 Paper

Paper

Using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models to generate synthetic data cubes for imaging spectral sensing applications

Jim Kao, William Smith, Barham Smith, Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 4480, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453342

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Atmospheric sensing, Spectral resolution, Thermal modeling, Spectral models, Infrared imaging, Chemical species, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 17 January 2002 Paper

Paper

Calibration techniques for imaging FTIR data

Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Steven Love

Proceedings Volume 4480, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.453341

KEYWORDS: FT-IR spectroscopy, Error analysis, Calibration, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Infrared imaging, Mirrors, Lawrencium, Thermography, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

MTI science, data products, and ground-data processing overview

John Szymanski, William Atkins, Lee Balick, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, R. Wynn Christensen, Anthony Davis, J. Echohawk, Amy Galbraith, Karen Hirsch, James Krone, Cynthia Little, Peter McLachlan, Aaron Morrison, Kimberly Pollock, Paul Pope, Curtis Novak, Keri Ramsey, Emily Riddle, Charles Rohde, Diane Roussel-Dupre, Barham Smith, Kathy Smith, Kim Starkovich, James Theiler, Paul Weber

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437009

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Clouds, Satellites, Atmospheric modeling, Data processing, Thermography, Algorithm development, Multispectral imaging, Data modeling, Vegetation

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Comparison of four methods for determining precipitable water vapor content from multispectral data

Karen Hirsch, Lee Balick, Christoph Borel, Peter McLachlan

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437031

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Aerosols, Clouds, Absorption, Sun, Photometry, Space operations, Chlorine, Remote sensing, Atmospheric sensing

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Multiscale thermal-infrared measurements of the Mauna Loa caldera, Hawaii

Lee Balick, Alan Gillespie, Elsa Abbott, Donald Sabol, Anne Kahle, Christoph Borel, Malcolm Pendergast

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437033

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Temperature metrology, Satellite imaging, Thermography, Multispectral imaging, Radiometry, Infrared imaging, Sensors, Earth observing sensors, Atmospheric sensing

Read Abstract +

Until recently, most thermal infrared measurements of natural scenes have been made at disparate scales, typically 10^-3-10^-2 (spectra) and 10²-10³m (satellite images), with occasional airborne images (10¹m) filling the gap. Temperature and emissivity fields are spatially heterogeneous over a similar range of scales, depending on scene composition. A common problem for the land surface, therefore, has been relating field spectral and temperature measurements to satellite data, yet in many cases this is necessary if satellite data are to be interpreted to yield meaningful information about the land surface. Recently, three new satellites with thermal imaging capability at the 10¹-10²m scale have been launched: MTI, TERRA, and Landsat 7. MTI acquires multispectral images in the mid-infrared (3-5micrometers ) and longwave infrared (8-10micrometers ) with 20m resolution. ASTER and MODIS aboard TERRA acquire multispectral longwave images at 90m and 500-1000m, respectively, and MODIS also acquires multispectral mid-infrared images. Landsat 7 acquires broadband longwave images at 60m. As part of an experiment to validate the temperature and thermal emissivity values calculated from MTI and ASTER images, we have targeted the summit region of Mauna Loa for field characterization and near-simultaneous satellite imaging, both on daytime and nighttime overpasses, and compare the results to previously acquired 1-^-1m airborne images, ground-level multispectral FLIR images, and the field spectra. Mauna Loa was chosen in large part because the 4x6km summit caldera, flooded with fresh basalt in 1984, appears to be spectrally homogeneous at scales with 10^-1 and 10²m, facilitating the comparison of sensed temperature. The validation results suggest that, with careful atmospheric compensation, it is possible to match ground measurements with measurements from space, and to use the Mauna Loa validation site for cross-comparison of thermal infrared sensors and temperature/emissivity extraction algorithms.

Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Recipes for writing algorithms to retrieve columnar water vapor for three-band multispectral data

Christoph Borel, Karen Hirsch, Lee Balick

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437030

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Absorption, Aerosols, Reflectivity, Thermography, MODIS, Radiative transfer, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Recipes for writing algorithms for atmospheric corrections and temperature/emissivity separations in the thermal regime for a multispectral sensor

Christoph Borel, William Clodius

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437011

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric corrections, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Calibration, Atmospheric physics, Physics, Skin, Water, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2000 Paper

Paper

Implementation and validation of atmospheric compensation algorithms for Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) pipeline processing

Lee Balick, Karen Hirsch, Peter McLachlan, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Pierre Villeneuve

Proceedings Volume 4125, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.409296

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Vegetation, Aerosols, Thermography, Atmospheric modeling, Algorithm development, Atmospheric particles, Image processing, Sun, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 17 December 1999 Paper

Paper

Subpixel temperature retrieval with multispectral sensors

John Szymanski, Christoph Borel, Quincy Harberger, Pawel Smolarkiewicz, James Theiler

Proceedings Volume 3868, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373105

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mid-IR, MODIS, Signal to noise ratio, Calibration, Temperature metrology, Error analysis, Thermography, Infrared sensors, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 1999 Paper

Paper

MTI core science retrieval algorithms

Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Anthony Davis, Barham Smith, John Szymanski, James Theiler, Pierre Villeneuve, Paul Weber

Proceedings Volume 3753, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366302

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Clouds, Atmospheric corrections, Vegetation, Atmospheric modeling, Algorithm development, Near infrared, Atmospheric sciences, Computer simulations, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 1999 Paper

Paper

Temperature estimation and compositional mapping using spectral mixture analysis of thermal imaging spectrometry data

Edward Collins, Dar Roberts, Paul Sutton, Chris Funk, Christoph Borel

Proceedings Volume 3753, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366291

KEYWORDS: Shape memory alloys, Virtual colonoscopy, Error analysis, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Statistical modeling, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Image analysis, Atmospheric modeling

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 1999 Paper

Paper

Multispectral Thermal Imager mission overview

Paul Weber, Brian Brock, Alfred Garrett, Barham Smith, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Steven Bender, R. Rex Kay, Max Decker

Proceedings Volume 3753, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366296

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Atmospheric modeling, Calibration, Multispectral imaging, Sensors, Thermography, Remote sensing, Spatial resolution, Atmospheric sensing, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 1999 Paper

Paper

MTI ground data processing and science retrieval pipeline architecture

John Szymanski, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Anthony Davis, Christopher Heil, James Krone, Keri Ramsey, Barham Smith, Kathy Smith, James Theiler, Pierre Villeneuve, Paul Weber

Proceedings Volume 3753, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366301

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Databases, Data processing, Image processing, Data modeling, Data acquisition, Algorithm development, Vegetation, Atmospheric modeling, Data storage

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 1999 Paper

Paper

Comparing robust and physics-based sea surface temperature retrievals for high-resolution multispectral thermal sensors using one or multiple looks

Christoph Borel, William Clodius, John Szymanski, James Theiler

Proceedings Volume 3717, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.353043

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric physics, Tantalum, Atmospheric particles, Temperature metrology, Thermography, Clouds, Atmospheric modeling, Aerosols, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 1999 Paper

Paper

Subpixel temperature retrieval with multispectral sensors

John Szymanski, Christoph Borel, Quincy Harberger, Pawel Smolarkiewicz, James Theiler

Proceedings Volume 3717, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.353041

KEYWORDS: Sensors, MODIS, Signal to noise ratio, Mid-IR, Calibration, Temperature metrology, Error analysis, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 1999 Paper

Paper

Practical atmospheric correction algorithms for a multispectral sensor from the visible through the thermal spectral regions

Christoph Borel, Pierre Villeneuve, William Clodius, John Szymanski, Anthony Davis

Proceedings Volume 3717, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.353033

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Reflectivity, Aerosols, Atmospheric particles, Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric optics, Vegetation, Sensors, Ocean optics, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 1999 Paper

Paper

Design considerations, modeling, and analysis for the multispectral thermal imager

Paul Weber, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Bradly Cooke, Barham Smith

Proceedings Volume 3701, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352968

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Calibration, Signal to noise ratio, Systems modeling, Thermal modeling, Satellites, Data modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Thermography, Multispectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 1998 Paper

Paper

Multispectral thermal imaging

Paul Weber, Steven Bender, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Alfred Garrett, R. Rex Kay, Malcolm Pendergast, Barham Smith

Proceedings Volume 3438, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328118

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Sensors, Satellites, Telescopes, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Atmospheric modeling, Staring arrays, Mirrors, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 1998 Paper

Paper

Synthetic hyperspectral data cubes for complex thermal scenes

Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Pierre Villeneuve

Proceedings Volume 3438, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328106

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Thermal modeling, Scene simulation, Data modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Fractal analysis, Ray tracing, FT-IR spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 1998 Paper

Paper

Multi-spectral band selection for satellite-based systems

William Clodius, Paul Weber, Christoph Borel, Barham Smith

Proceedings Volume 3377, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.319369

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Absorption, Satellites, Vegetation, Short wave infrared radiation, Atmospheric sensing

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 1996 Paper

Paper

Water vapor retrieval over many surface types

Christoph Borel, William Clodius, Jennifer Johnson

Proceedings Volume 2758, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.243217

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Radiative transfer, Atmospheric particles, Minerals, Atmospheric sensing, Aerosols, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Americium

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Proceedings Article | 17 June 1996 Paper

Paper

Accurate top-of-the-atmosphere albedo determination from multiple views of the MISR instrument

Christoph Borel, Siegfried Gerstl, Carmen Tornow

Proceedings Volume 2758, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.243219

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Near infrared, Sun, Data modeling, Earth's atmosphere, Cameras, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Atmospheric corrections, Reflectivity, Radiative transfer

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Proceedings Article | 10 June 1996 Paper

Paper

Methodology for rapid infrared multispectral electro-optical imaging system performance analysis and synthesis

Bradly Cooke, Bryan Laubscher, Christoph Borel, Terrence Lomheim, Christopher Klein

Proceedings Volume 2743, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241949

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Optical transfer functions, Electro optical systems, Interference (communication), Signal detection, Atmospheric optics, Electro optical imaging, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 10 June 1996 Paper

Paper

End-to-end performance modeling of passive remote sensing systems

Barham Smith, Christoph Borel, William Clodius, James Theiler, Bryan Laubscher, Paul Weber

Proceedings Volume 2743, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241972

KEYWORDS: Data modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Systems modeling, Sensors, Sensing systems, Device simulation, Passive remote sensing, Atmospheric sensing, Algorithm development, Multispectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Image-quality degradation and retrieval errors introduced by registration and interpolation of multispectral digital images

Bradley Henderson, Christoph Borel, James Theiler, Barham Smith

Proceedings Volume 2759, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241172

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Modulation transfer functions, Multispectral imaging, Convolution, Image retrieval, Sensors, Image quality, Computer simulations, Scanners, Space operations

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 1996 Paper

Paper

Partial removal of correlated noise in thermal imagery

Christoph Borel, Bradly Cooke, Bryan Laubscher

Proceedings Volume 2759, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241173

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Imaging systems, Scanners, Signal to noise ratio, Algorithm development, Optical transfer functions, Interference (communication), Thermography, Sensors, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 1 August 1992 Paper

Paper

Adjacency-blurring effect of scenes modeled by the radiosity method

Christoph Borel, Siegfried Gerstl

Proceedings Volume 1688, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.137929

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Scattering, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Reflectivity, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Scene simulation, Monte Carlo methods, Light scattering, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1991 Paper

Paper

Simulation of partially obscured scenes using the radiosity method

Christoph Borel, Siegfried Gerstl

Proceedings Volume 1486, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45768

KEYWORDS: Chemical elements, Scattering, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Clouds, Sensors, Multiple scattering, Radio propagation, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Infrared imaging

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Showing 5 of 51 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (23)

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXVI

13 September 2021 | Online Only, Spain

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXV

21 September 2020 | Online Only, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXIV

11 September 2019 | Strasbourg, France

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIII

12 September 2018 | Berlin, Germany

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere

13 September 2017 | Warsaw, Poland

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere

28 September 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Imaging Spectrometry XXI

29 August 2016 | San Diego, California, United States

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere

23 September 2015 | Toulouse, France

Imaging Spectrometry XX

10 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere

24 September 2014 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Imaging Spectrometry XIX

18 August 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XVIII

25 September 2013 | Dresden, Germany

Imaging Spectrometry XVIII

26 August 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere

24 September 2012 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Imaging Spectrometry XVII

13 August 2012 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XVI

22 August 2011 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XV

2 August 2010 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XIV

3 August 2009 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XIII

12 August 2008 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XII

28 August 2007 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XI

14 August 2006 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry X

2 August 2004 | Denver, Colorado, United States

Imaging Spectrometry IX

6 August 2003 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 23 Conference Committees

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