Proceedings Article | 28 May 1997
KEYWORDS: Reflection, Cameras, Holographic interferometry, Visualization, Light sources, Photography, Xenon, Ruby lasers, Holography, Pulsed laser operation
Double exposure holographic interferometry and high speed laser shadowgraph photography and videography are used to investigate the mutual reflection of two plane shock waves. Normally research on the transition from regular to Mach reflection is undertaken by allowing a plane shock wave to impinge on a wedge. However due to the boundary layer growth on the wedge, regular reflection persists at wedge angles higher than that allowed for by inviscid shock wave theory. Several bifurcated shock tubes have been constructed, wherein an initially planar shock wave is split symmetrically into two and then recombined at the trailing edge of a wedge. The plane of symmetry acts as an ideal rigid wall eliminating thermal and viscous boundary layer effects. The flow visualization system used needs to provide high resolution information on the shockwave, slipstream, triple point and vortex positions and angles. Initially shadowgraph and schlieren methods, with a Xenon light source, were used. These results, while proving useful, are not of a sufficient resolution to measure the Mach stem and slipstream lengths accurately enough in order to determine the transition point between regular and Mach reflection. To obtain the required image resolution a 2 joule double pulse ruby laser, with a 30 ns pulse duration, was used to make holographic interferograms. The combined advantages of holographic interferometry and the 30 ns pulse laser allows one to obtain much sharper definition, and more qualitative as well as quantitative information on the flow field. The disadvantages of this system are: the long time taken to develop holograms, the difficulty of aligning the pulse laser and the fact that only one image per test is obtained. Direct contact shadowgraphs were also obtained using the pulse ruby laser to help determine triple point trajectory angles. In order to provide further information a one million frames per second CCD camera, which can take up to 10 superimposed images, was used to obtain multiple focussed shadowgraphs. Although limited resolution is obtained, due to the low resolution of the camera, information is obtained about the time evolution, and validity of the self similar assumption, of the shock wave structure. This paper highlights the practical implementation of, and the results obtained, using the above mentioned techniques in order to further explain the transition from regular to Mach reflection, as well as to describe the interaction of unsynchronized shock waves at the apex of a wedge. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed as well as the benefits of using these different optical systems in conjunction with each other, to obtain a more complete description of the shock wave interaction.
