Proceedings Article | 27 November 2023
KEYWORDS: Skin, Visualization, Optical coherence tomography, Vascular diseases, Tumors, Melanoma, Lymphoma, Biopsy, Biological research, Basal cell carcinoma
Visualization of vessels within the tumor is of great importance for the diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of therapy of neoplasm. 3D OCT in comparison with dynamic, although it does not have the ability to detail the entire complex of neoplasm vessels, it still has some advantages. Namely, it is able to quickly and without additional processing provide data not only about the vessels, but also about the structure of the neoplasm itself. The purpose of the study: To determine the possibility of using 3D OCT to study the condition of skin vessels in neoplasms. Materials and methods. The work used an optical coherence tomographs for noninvasive examination of the internal structure of human surface tissues "OCT-1300-E", special programs HF_OCTf_512Cuda+ViewKub, HF_OCTf_Viewer and Ratio Square Medical Image. A study of healthy skin and skin in the lesions of 46 patients with skin neoplasms (12 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 10 with nodular melanoma, 4 with keratoacanthoma, 5 with T-cell lymphoma, 10 with venous hemangioma, 5 with sebaceous gland hypertrophy) was performed. Results. The results of the analysis of images of vertical skin sections within the edge and central part of the superficial form of basal cell carcinoma obtained during the examination of 12 patients revealed typical OCT signs for this disease in the form of a lack of visualization of layers in the tumor area, a significant increase in the total height of the layers with an increase in the intensity and depth of the useful signal. The analysis of 85 images of vertical sections of the central and peripheral parts of nodular melanoma obtained during the examination of 10 patients revealed OCT signs of this disease in the form of an increase in the total height of the image layers with the absence of visualization of the layers themselves, a significant increase in the depth of the useful signal, but a weakening of its intensity within the tumor . As in the case of basal cell carcinoma, numerous dilated vessels were visualized within the tumor, the concentration of which was higher in the peripheral part of the neoplasm. Conclusions. Based on the conducted studies, it can be concluded that 3D OCT is an effective method of lifetime assessment of the morphological state of the microcirculatory bed of the skin in dermatoses of various nature. Assessment of the condition of blood vessels by the 3D OCT method can have both diagnostic significance and play an essential role in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease due to the fact that the method allows us to judge, on the one hand, the predominant lesion of vessels of a particular caliber, on the other hand, the inflammatory or non–inflammatory nature of vascular pathology.
