KEYWORDS: Sensors, Nanowires, Silicon, Avalanche photodetectors, Photodetectors, Quantum efficiency, Single photon detectors, Superconductors, Time correlated photon counting, Signal to noise ratio
Time-energy entangled photon pairs are created by a system consisting of a 1064 nm pump diode laser that is fiber coupled to a high generation rate photon pair source. The source is a dual element periodically poled Magnesium Oxide doped Lithium Niobate (MgO:LN) waveguide that upconverts 1064 nm photons to single 532 nm photons in the first stage. In the second stage, the green photons are down converted to time-energy entangled photon pairs at 794 nm and 1614 nm. The output photon pairs are guided by fiber to sorting optics where they are separated and sent into high-efficiency photon detectors. In particular, the 1614 nm photons are detected by a superconducting nanowire with efficiency near 85% and dead time less than 30 ns. Detector output electrical signals are sent to a time tagger with bin resolution as narrow as 25 ps for coincidence counting. The ultimate goal of this setup is to demonstrate a single-source, high efficiency, high data rate, low noise, quantum communication system to enable Earth-space quantum networks. Test results that characterize the time-energy entangled photon pair creation rates of our source will be presented, via measures of accidental and true coincidence rates versus pump current. To reduce noise (accidentals) as much as possible, and for better understanding of our overall quantum system path-efficiency, studies of fluorescence caused by our pump’s 1064 nm and 532 nm photons will be investigated and discussed. Finally, characteristic measurements of our superconducting nanowire detector, such as dead time and detection efficiency versus electrical bias, will be offered. Please verify that (1) all pages are present, (2) all figures are correct, (3) all fonts and special characters are correct, and (4) all text and figures fit within the red margin lines shown on this review document. Complete formatting information is available at http://SPIE.org/manuscripts Return to the Manage Active Submissions page at http://spie.org/submissions/tasks.aspx and approve or disapprove this submission. Your manuscript will not be published without this approval. Please contact author_help@spie.org with any questions or concerns.
We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a polarization-selective infrared bandpass filter based on a two-layer subwavelength metallic grating for use in polarimetric imaging. Gold nanowires were deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) onto a silicon surface relief grating that was patterned using electron beam lithography (EBL) and fabricated using standard silicon processing techniques. Optical characterization with a broad-spectrum tungsten halogen light source and a grating spectrometer showed normalized peak TM transmission of 53% with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 122 nm, which was consistent with rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulations. Simulation results suggested that device operation relied on suppression of the TM transmission caused by surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation at the gold-silicon interface and an increase in TM transmission caused by a Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance in the cavity between the gratings. TE rejection occurred at the initial air/gold interface. We also present simulation results of an improved design based on a two-dielectric grating where two different SPP resonances allowed us to improve the shape of the passband by suppressing the side lobes. This newer design resulted in improved side-band performance and increased peak TM transmission.
Getting students interested in science, specifically in optics and photonics, is a worthwhile challenge. We developed and implemented an outreach campaign that sought to engage high school students in the science of polarized light. We traveled to Montana high schools and presented on the physics of light, the ways that it becomes polarized, how polarization is useful, and how to take pictures with linear polarizers to see polarization. Students took pictures that showed polarization in either a natural setting or a contrived scene. We visited 13 high schools, and presented live to approximately 450 students.
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