Dr. Amine Ben Salem Profile

Dr. Amine Ben Salem

Assistant Professor at SUP'COM

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Area of Expertise:

Nonlinear Optics , Supercontinuum generation , Photonic nanowires

Websites:

Company Website

Publications (25)

Proceedings Article | 10 October 2020 Poster + Paper

Annular chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for broadband mid-IR optical vortex modes supercontinuum generation

Amine Ben Salem

Proceedings Volume 11547, 115471W (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583419

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SPIE Journal Paper | 15 February 2019

Ultrahigh sensitivity with different taper geometries of thin-core fiber modal interferometer for refractive index sensing

Ameni Ben Khalifa, Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 02, 026109, (February 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.2.026109

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Interferometers, Sensors, Structured optical fibers, Cladding, Single mode fibers, Beam propagation method, Fiber optics sensors, Sodium, Water

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Proceedings Article | 23 August 2017 Paper

Fiber optic refractive index sensor based on tapered thin core fiber

Ameni Ben Khalifa, Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif

Proceedings Volume 10382, 103820D (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273815

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Fiber optics sensors, Sensors, Fiber optics, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Optical communications beyond orbital angular momentum

Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán, Abderrahmen Trichili, Angela Dudley, Bienvenu Ndagano, Amine Ben Salem, Mourad Zghal, Andrew Forbes

Proceedings Volume 9950, 99500C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238416

KEYWORDS: Optical communications, Free space, Telecommunications, Signal detection, Computer programming, Multiplexing, Holograms, Spatial light modulators, RGB color model, Digital holography

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Rigorous study of supercontinuum generation by high-order optical modes

Amine Ben Salem, Abderrahmen Trichili, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9958, 99580L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237173

KEYWORDS: Photonic crystal fibers, Supercontinuum generation, Energy transfer, Photonic crystals, Dispersion, Solitons, Wave propagation, Nonlinear optics, Modulation, Four wave mixing

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in multimode step index chalcogenide fiber

Ameni Ben Khalifa, Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9958, 99580M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237841

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Chalcogenides, Multimode fibers, Supercontinuum generation, Step index fibers, Cladding, Glasses, Wave propagation, Dispersion, Energy transfer

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 June 2016

Ultraflat-top midinfrared coherent broadband supercontinuum using all normal A_s2S₅-borosilicate hybrid photonic crystal fiber

Amine Ben Salem, Mbaye Diouf, Rim Cherif, Ahmadou Wague, Mourad Zghal

OE, Vol. 55, Issue 06, 066109, (June 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.55.6.066109

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Dispersion, Photonic crystal fibers, Chalcogenides, Optical coherence tomography, Scanning probe microscopy, Borosilicate glass, Structured optical fibers, Light sources, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Propagation in few modes fiber with strongly coupled groups of modes

Ameni Ben Khalifa, Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9886, 98860D (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227593

KEYWORDS: Multiplexing, Solitons, Multimode fibers, Picosecond phenomena, Dispersion, Cladding, Step index fibers, Phase modulation, Scanning probe microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2015 Paper

Slow light generated via Brillouin scattering in small core chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber

A. Baili, R. Cherif, A. Ben Salem, A. Kumar, R. K. Sinha, M. Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9586, 95860P (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188418

KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Slow light, Chalcogenides, Light scattering, Scattering, Photonic crystal fibers, Optical fibers, Optical communications, Single mode fibers, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 26 August 2015 Paper

A novel As2S5-tellurite hybrid photonic crystal fiber for long mid-IR supercontinuum fiber lasers

Mbaye Diouf, Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Ahmadou Wague, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9586, 95860D (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187491

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Dispersion, Photonic crystal fibers, Fiber lasers, Glasses, Chalcogenides, Optical parametric oscillators, Refractive index, Raman spectroscopy, Cladding

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Proceedings Article | 25 August 2015 Paper

Encoding information using Laguerre Gaussian modes

Abderrahmen Trichili, Angela Dudley, Amine Ben Salem, Bienvenu Ndagano, Mourad Zghal, Andrew Forbes

Proceedings Volume 9581, 95810F (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2189814

KEYWORDS: Computer programming, Free space, Digital holography, Holograms, RGB color model, Receivers, Multiplexing, Spatial light modulators, Free space optics, Signal detection

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 July 2015

Design of small core tellurite photonic crystal fiber for slow-light-based application using stimulated Brillouin scattering

Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Than Singh Saini, Ajeet Kumar, Ravindra Sinha, Mourad Zghal

OE, Vol. 54, Issue 07, 075101, (July 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.54.7.075101

KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Photonic crystal fibers, Slow light, Scattering, Scanning electron microscopy, Refractive index, Telecommunications, Electron microscopes, Glasses, Optical engineering

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Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) performances of small core tellurite photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are rigorously studied. We propose a design of tellurite PCF that is used for slow-light-based applications. We developed a two-dimensional finite element mode solver to numerically study the acoustic and optical properties of complex refractive index profiles including tellurite PCF. Our results include the calculation of Brillouin gain spectrum, Brillouin gain coefficient (gB) and Brillouin frequency shift by taking into account the contribution of the higher-order acoustic modes. Several simulations were run by varying the air-filling ratio of various PCF structures to enhance the SBS. The real scanning electron microscope image of a small core of highly nonlinear tellurite fiber is considered. Optimized results show a frequency shift of 8.43 GHz and a Brillouin gain of 9.48×10−11 m/W with a time delay between 21 and 140 ns. Such fibers have drawn much interest because of their capacity for increasing and tailoring the SBS gain.

Proceedings Article | 28 August 2014

Design of single-polarization single-mode photonic nanowire

A. Baili, R. Cherif, A. Ben Salem, T. S. Saini, A. Kumar, R. Sinha, M. Zghal

Proceedings Volume 9170, 917014 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061887

KEYWORDS: Dispersion, Cladding, Polarization, Birefringence, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Fiber optics sensors, Silica, Nanowires, Photonic nanostructures, Photon polarization

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A novel design of single polarization single mode (SPSM) photonic nanowire is proposed. Using a cladding structure with circular air holes, a new design of a photonic nanowire with ultra-wideband range of 740 nm for SPSM operation is obtained. The numerical results show that the SPSM-nanowire is low-loss within the wavelengths ranging from 1.17 μm to 1.91 μm, the confinement loss of the slow-axis mode is less than 0.15 dB/km and the fast-axis mode is unguided. This fiber has greater advantages in polarization sensitive applications, such as fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber optic current sensors, high-power fiber lasers, and coherent optical communications.

Proceedings Article | 17 July 2014

Expansion of student activities in Africa: from south to north

Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Amor Gueddana, Mourad Zghal, Darryl Naidoo, Andrew Forbes, Alexander Heidt, Erich Rohwer

Proceedings Volume 9289, 928914 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2070775

KEYWORDS: Photonics, Communication engineering, Physics, Active optics, Roads, Ions, Optical communications, Silica, Laser marking, Electroluminescence

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Optics and photonics research in Africa has gradually grown in the past ten years with a very active optical community involved in state-of-the-art research. Despite relatively low resources, optics research in the continent is competitive with many international benchmarks and has had a significant impact within the African continent. In the past five years, a group of dynamic students have developed the student chapter network from Tunisia to South Africa. The first student chapters of the optical society of America (OSA) and the international society for optics and photonics (SPIE) were established in South Africa (in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and in the University of Stellenbosch), followed by a chapter in Tunisia (Engineering school of communications of Tunis, Sup’Com). In this paper, we will present the major activities of the student chapters of Tunisia and South Africa, and how they are promoting optics and photonics in Africa.

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014

A new design of a directional coupler for high order mode multiplexing in few mode fibers

Abderrahmen Trichili, Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal, Andrew Forbes

Proceedings Volume 9131, 91310X (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051858

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Multiplexers, Multiplexing, Directional couplers, Refractive index, Telecommunications, Waveguides, Cladding, Optical communications, Wave propagation

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We propose a new and versatile design of a directional coupler able to generate and multiplex high order modes in few mode fibers. The designed device can selectively generate five high order modes and multiplex them in a few mode fiber with an overall insertion loss not exceeding 3dB at the telecommunication wavelength λ = 1550 nm. The mode dependent loss is found to be weakly dependent to the wavelength. The proposed device is very promising for high order mode multiplexing and suitable for high bit-rate optical communication systems.

Proceedings Article | 18 November 2013

Broadband coherent mid-IR supercontinuum generation using highly nonlinear tapered photonic crystal fibers

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8785, 87855O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2027491

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Dispersion, Solitons, Photonic crystal fibers, Supercontinuum generation, Glasses, Nonlinear crystals, Chalcogenides, Chalcogenide glass, Nonlinear optics

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We design tellurite and As₂S₃-based chalcogenide tapered photonic crystal fibers (TPCF) for broadband mid-infrared coherent supercontinuum (SC) generation in the few optical-cycle-regime. By injecting pre-chirped femtosecond pulses, the soliton self-compression is optimized and then, we show the generation of more than one octave-spanning SC spectra with low input pulse energies in both TPCF having 8 mm-length.

Proceedings Article | 28 June 2013

Characterization of Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based photonic crystal fiber sensors

Amine Ben Salem, Ahmed Dhib, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8561, 856109 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.999507

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photonic crystal fibers, Refractive index, Phase shifts, Waveguides, Silica, Biosensing, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Nanowires, Photonic nanostructures

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We propose a new design of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) structure assembled with two arms composed of 400nm-diameter-hole-modified silica photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and immersed in solvent solution. The proposed design is found to enhance considerably the sensitivity. A highly-sensitive versatile interferometry technique is used to determine the phase shift from both arms and consequently the specimen’s information can be retrieved. The proposed sensor was first tested when considering the specimen to be analyzed with different concentrations for a probing light of 325 nm. The sensitivity of detecting the benzene solutions in water reaches 9 rad/μm which is much higher compared to what was achieved in photonic nanowires. Then, the detection of corn oil into olive oil is achieved with high sensitivity of 14.7 rad/μm demonstrating that the sensor is capable of detecting a RI variation of 4×10^-7 in only 1-mm sensitive area- length. Thus, the proposed MZI-based PCF-sensor shows to be very attractive for compact, flexible and high sensitive biochemical sensing.

Proceedings Article | 3 May 2013

A polarization maintaining evanescent field sensor for measuring liquid refractive index change

Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8775, 877505 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2017225

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Refractive index, Silica, Waveguides, Birefringence, Polarization, Phase shifts, Finite element methods, Nanowires, Photonic nanostructures

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A modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) design based on elliptical silica photonic nanowires is proposed and demonstrated numerically. The MZI is used as a highly sensitive evanescent field based refractive index sensor. By applying a full vectorial finite element method, single-mode operation, polarization maintaining and very high sensitivity are achieved by simply using 800 nm-elliptical silica nanowires. Using the highly-sensitive versatile interferometry technique, the phase shift from both arms is determined and consequently the specimen’s information can be retrieved. The proposed sensor is used to determine the refractive index (RI) of NaCl solutions with different concentrations. The sensor is capable of detecting a refractive index variation of the order of 10^-6 RI unit with a high sensitivity of 4.2 rad/μm.

SPIE Journal Paper | 3 October 2012

Highly nonlinear tapered photonic crystal fibers for broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in the few-optical-cycle regime

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 10, 105008, (October 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.10.105008

KEYWORDS: Dispersion, Mid-IR, Solitons, Photonic crystal fibers, Nonlinear crystals, Supercontinuum generation, Chalcogenides, Picosecond phenomena, Communication engineering, Single mode fibers

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We propose a design of tellurite and As2S3-based chalcogenide tapered photonic crystal fibers (TPCF) for broadband coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) generation in the few-optical-cycle regime. We optimize the soliton self-compression by injecting pre-chirped femtosecond pulses. More than one octave-spanning SC spectra were generated in 8 mm-long in both tellurite and chalcogenide TPCF with low input pulse energies of 1 nJ and 100 pJ at pump wavelengths of 2.9 and 4.7 μm, respectively.

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2012

Sub-two-cycle soliton self-compression in a tapered tellurite photonic crystal fiber

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8434, 84340B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922273

KEYWORDS: Solitons, Dispersion, Mid-IR, Photonic crystal fibers, Glasses, Nonlinear optics, Waveguides, Optical properties, Chalcogenide glass, Nanowires

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We design tellurite tapered photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) for broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) generation in the few-optical-cycle regime. We show that we can move the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) beyond 2 μm toward mid-IR wavelength region by tapering tellurite PCFs. We demonstrate the generation of sub-two-cycle soliton selfcompressed pulses from 200 fs to 19.1 fs and show more than one octave-spanning coherent SC, extending from 1675 to 3950 nm, generated in 8 mm-long tapered tellurite PCF with low input pulse energy of 1 nJ at 2.9 μm.

Proceedings Article | 3 November 2011

Study of soliton self-compression in photonic nanowires

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8011, 80119N (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902817

KEYWORDS: Solitons, Dispersion, Waveguides, Silica, Nonlinear optics, Ultrafast phenomena, Single mode fibers, Near infrared, Nanowires, Photonic nanostructures

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Waveguides with sub-wavelength dimensions known as photonic nanowires are among the most attractive optical structures for ultrafast nonlinear optics. They provide high nonlinearities and allow the generation of cyclical temporal compression and broadband supercontinuum in few millimeters length. In this work, we numerically investigate the soliton self-compression in photonic nanowires fabricated by tapering standard single mode fibers. We demonstrate, the generation of 1.53 fs compressed pulse (ca. 0.57 single optical cycle) from 100 fs input pulse by pumping at low input pulse energy of 2.5 nJ, a 1.15 mm-long nanowire with a diameter of 800 nm. Thus, broadband supercontinuum spanning from 260 nm to 1800 nm is generated. Air-silica nanowires present very promising coherent white-light sources and ideal waveguides for nonlinear applications such as single-cycle pulses generation and optical processing.

Proceedings Article | 26 July 2011

Generation of few optical cycles in air-silica nanowires

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8001, 80011J (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.892083

KEYWORDS: Solitons, Dispersion, Wave propagation, Near infrared, Ultraviolet radiation, Waveguides, Singular optics, Single mode fibers, Nonlinear optics, Nanowires

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Air-silica nanowires present suitable waveguides to enhance nonlinearities and generate cyclical temporal compression and broadband supercontinuum (SC) in only few millimeters length. We report on the generation of few optical cycles in air-silica nanowires with core diameters ranging from 400 nm to 900 nm. We show that it is possible to shift the zero dispersion wavelengths toward a wavelength of about 470 nm. We demonstrate that soliton self-compression of lowenergy 100 fs input pulse down to 1.94 fs is possible by pumping in the anomalous dispersion regime a 570 μm-long 700 nm-core diameter air-silica nanowire. We achieve a very high temporal compression ratio of 51.55 from 100 fs to less than single optical cycle. We obtain broadband supercontinuum spanning from 260 nm to 1500 nm. By adding one photon per mode noise with a random phase, a very high degree of coherence over the entire generated supercontinuum bandwidth is shown.

Proceedings Article | 11 May 2011

Full modal analysis of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in As2Se3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber

Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Mourad Zghal

Proceedings Volume 8073, 80732R (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.886428

KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Chalcogenides, Silica, Scattering, Photonic crystal fibers, Finite element methods, Modal analysis, Glasses, Optical fibers, Chalcogenide glass

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We report a detailed implementation of a 2-D finite element method that is applied to calculate the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) characteristics in As₂Se₃-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The full modal analysis of SBS is performed in both real and ideal As₂Se₃-based PCF structures taking into account the contribution of the higher order acoustic modes. Our results include the calculations of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), Brillouin gain coefficient (g_B), Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), and the Brillouin threshold (P_th). The Pth in the real As₂Se₃-based chalcogenide PCF is evaluated to be around 36 mW for only 1-m length compared to hundreds of milliwatts found in the long silica PCF. We calculate, in both structures, a Brillouin gain coefficient of the fundamental acoustic mode of ~5.59 10^-9 mW^-1 at λ=1.55 μm, around the acoustic frequency of 8.08 GHz, which is more than 600 times higher than that of fused silica fiber.

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 January 2011

Low-energy single-optical-cycle soliton self-compression in air-silica nanowires

Amine Ben Salem, Rim Cherif, Mourad Zghal

JNP, Vol. 5, Issue 01, 059506, (January 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3662888

KEYWORDS: Dispersion, Solitons, Nonlinear optics, Optical properties, Wave propagation, Waveguides, Communication engineering, Ultrafast phenomena, Supercontinuum generation, Nanowires

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We investigated and optimized the process of soliton self-compression in few millimeters-long air-silica nanowires. A 100 fs prechirped input pulse was compressed to a 1.4 fs pulse by pumping at very low energy of 2.5 nJ an air-silica nanowire. More than one octave spanning coherent broadband supercontinuum extending from 260 to 1800 nm was generated.

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 2010

Highly nonlinear As₂Se₃-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for midinfrared supercontinuum generation

Rim Cherif, Amine Ben Salem, Mourad Zghal, Pascal Besnard, Thierry Chartier, Laurent Brilland, Johann Troles

OE, Vol. 49, Issue 09, 095002, (September 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3488042

KEYWORDS: Selenium, Chalcogenides, Dispersion, Supercontinuum generation, Photonic crystal fibers, Mid-IR, Nonlinear optics, Refractive index, Optical properties, Solitons

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We propose a real, highly nonlinear, As2Se3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber in which a supercontinuum (SC) spanning more than 2 octaves is generated at =2.8 µm in the femtosecond regime. The designed PCF is characterized for ultrabroadband mid-infrared SC generation in only few millimetres of fiber length. A full modal analysis of the optical properties of the fiber is presented in terms of the effective area, the nonlinearity coefficient, and the chromatic dispersion. A second-order Sellmeier approximation is proposed to estimate the variation of the refractive index of the As2Se3 material as a function of wavelength. The numerical study shows that a SC spanning from 1.9 to 4 µm can be generated in the chalcogenide PCF with an air-hole diameter of 1.26 µm and a pitch of 1.77 µm. We examine the interplay of the nonlinear effects that lead to the construction of the SC as a function of the input power and the fiber length. We find that the dynamics behind the SC generation is mainly ruled by the effects of self phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering. The intrinsic properties of the chalcogenide glasses and the microstructure provide enhanced optical properties and offer numerous applications in the infrared field.

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