Prof. Aime Lay-Ekuakille Profile

Prof. Aime Lay-Ekuakille

Assistant Professor at Univ del Salento

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Publications (8)

Proceedings Article | 9 December 2008 Paper

Automatic gain control for Raman lidar signals

Aimé Lay-Ekuakille, Giuseppe Vendramin, Amerigo Trotta

Proceedings Volume 7153, 715310 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804864

KEYWORDS: Digital filtering, LIDAR, Capacitors, Optical filters, Signal processing, Filtering (signal processing), Raman spectroscopy, Signal to noise ratio, Electronic filtering, Clocks

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2007 Paper

MicrodsPIC-based design for a lidar flexible unit

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Giuseppe Vendramin, Amerigo Trotta

Proceedings Volume 6750, 67501J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.738165

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Signal processing, Microcontrollers, Raman spectroscopy, Photomultipliers, Interference (communication), Filtering (signal processing), Resistance, Data acquisition, Digital filtering

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 2005 Paper

Progressive deconvolution of laser radar signals

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Antonio Scarano

Proceedings Volume 5653, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.579812

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Deconvolution, Digital filtering, Electronic filtering, Signal processing, Linear filtering, Interference (communication), Sensors, Optical filters, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 2004 Paper

Comparison between adjustable window technique and wavelet method in processing backscattering lidar signal

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Amerigo Trotta

Proceedings Volume 5240, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.515780

KEYWORDS: Wavelets, Filtering (signal processing), Optical filters, Signal processing, LIDAR, Electronic filtering, Interference (communication), Aerosols, Linear filtering, Discrete wavelet transforms

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The “lidarist” frequently wishes to process his experimental data to obtain as accurate and clean a representation of water vapor as is consistent with his measurement accuracies. In measurements contaminated by high-frequency noise this usually means smoothing the experimental data by some method (which is equivalent to smoothing with a low-pass filter) to eliminate or greatly reduce the amount of high frequency noise without distorting the desired signal. For data which are continuous in time (analog data) this is commonly accomplished using low-pass RC filters. However, with the increasing use of computer-controlled data acquisition systems which record data in digital form, there has developed a need for techniques which perform the same filtering process on the digitized data. Filtering or smoothing process should be as simple and efficient as is consistent with experimental situation. Poissonian averaging has been using for filtering lidar signal data. In previous work we showed the opportunity of using digital filtering in order to overcome problems created by poissonian averaging. To introduce further improvement in filtering we have used binomial filters; some scientists also use differentiating smoothing in an attempt to compensate for the fact that differentiation reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. This can easily be performed with the binomial filter by convolving either the filter coefficients or the data by sequences [1,0, -1]/2. This may be repeated any number of times to obtain the second-third-, and higher-order derivatives, after which the data are low-pass filtered in usual manner. The advantages of the above adjustable windows compared to the fixed windows are their optimality and flexibility. A wavelet analysis is used to increase signal retrieval. Wavelet analysis represents the next logical step: a windowing technique with variable-sized regions. Wavelet analysis allows the use of long time intervals where we want more precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where we want high-frequency information.

Proceedings Article | 21 March 2003 Paper

Noise extraction for Raman lidar signal processing

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Andrea Cataldo, Ferdinando De Tomasi, Maria Perrone, Amerigo Trotta

Proceedings Volume 4893, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.466075

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, LIDAR, Filtering (signal processing), Interference (communication), Aerosols, Signal processing, Electronic filtering, Finite impulse response filters, Digital filtering, Linear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2003 Paper

SAR-aided method for rural soil evaluation

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Carmelo Dellisanti, Vincenza Pelillo, Francesco Tralli

Proceedings Volume 4883, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463174

KEYWORDS: Soil science, Vegetation, Photography, Agriculture, Synthetic aperture radar, Climatology, Satellites, Satellite imaging, Earth observing sensors, Geology

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The principal land characteristics that can be estimated by means of airphoto interpretation are bedrock type, landform, soil texture, site drainage conditions, susceptibility to flooding, and depth of unconsolidated materials over bedrock. In addition, the slope of the land surface can be estimated by airphoto interpretation and measured by phptpgrammetric methods. The aim of this paper is to show an experimental use of satellite images in determining soil quality affected by anthropic activities as rock crushing, or scarifying. Scarifying activities began, in Murgia area, Apulia Region (Italy), as land improvement for agriculture uses. Scarifying is defined as loosening (the surface of soil) by using an agricultural tool or a machine with prongs. This kind of activity is facilitated by the availability, on the market, of scarifying machines and the objective is to get a stratum of agriculture-useful loose material on the soil surface. Apulia Region Government has permitted calcareous stone scarifying with Regional Law n.54 (August 31, 1981) according to National Law n.984 (Dicember 27,1977), that provides for encouraging to transform grazing in sown land in order to create new possibility of forage production to increase zootecnical facilities. We have used ERS-2/SAR images as contribution in the process of soil characterization.The area we have considered is in Puglia Region and is subject to soil transformation due to rocks crushed on land for agricultural facilities. European Union, through the same Apulia Region Government, has renewed funds for the improvement of meadow and grazing for an overall surface of 2000 hectares. In this way it is clear to understand the importance of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of rock crushing or scarifying by using airphoto interpretation. We have evaluated the soil quality by introducing a multicriteria, analysis by using a qualitative and quantitative methodology, so that it will be possible to prevent damages on soil, sub-soil and hydrology. Decision analysis in Impact assessment is a set of procedures for analyzing complex decision problems. The strategy is to divide the decision problem into small, understandable parts; analyze each part; and integrate the parts in a logical manner to produce a meaningful solution. The terms multicriteria decision making (MCDM) and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) are used interchangeably.

Proceedings Article | 24 September 2002 Paper

Remote sensing of liquid characteristics using time domain reflectometry

Andrea Cataldo, Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Carlo De Carlo

Proceedings Volume 4814, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451441

KEYWORDS: Reflectometry, Liquids, Dielectrics, Remote sensing, Soil science, Hydrology, Reliability, Head, Multiplexing, Telecommunications

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Time domain reflectometry (TDR) instrumentation is widely used in hydrology and soil science for accurate and flexible soil water content measurements. The most attractive advantages concerning the considered TDR measurement system are: good precision and accuracy, high reliability of the measuring head, an unique approach of pulsing a long coaxial probe and analysing the reflected voltage signature caused by changes in impedance, capability of multiplexing several probes, possibility of remotely acceding, controlling and electronically retrieving and transmitting data through existing telecommunications. A time domain reflectometer transmits the incident signal, an ultra short rise time (200 ps), step voltage pulse, along the transmission line and records the travel time and magnitude of all reflected signals (echo) returning from the controlled system. Changes in capacitance, impedance, inductance and resistance causing electromagnetic discontinuities that reflect voltage can be located, particularly, for liquid level and soil dielectric properties monitoring purposes, discontinuities result from impedance changes produced by changes in the dielectric constant. Moreover, different systems are currently used to measure liquid levels in stocking tanks or vessels. The time domain reflectometry method used in this research has the purpose to monitor the behavior of the different liquid interfaces, detecting their levels. One of the the goals of present paper is to enhance field measurement capabilities; miniature pulsing and sampling cards have been used to create a smaller and more rugged time domain reflectometer, associated to the special steel probes working like a closed circuit radar, detecting any mismatch along the measuring lines. Measurements can be performed in a wide range of environmental conditions, independently from the nature or properties of the involved substances, giving information about their characteristics, such as volumetric content, dielectric constant, emulsions, dispersions, etc. Agreements with current TDR research data have been found. Furthermore, by characterizing several complex systems, the main objective of the present work is to develop an interpretation method based on the changes in the reflected TDR signal caused by the presence of hydrocarbons and their concentration in a soil.

Proceedings Article | 12 September 2002 Paper

Measurements of opacity at exhaust of diesel engine using extinction laser technique

Aime Lay-Ekuakille, Paolo Carlucci, Antonio Ficarella, Domenico Laforgia, Antonello Pascali

Proceedings Volume 4915, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.482887

KEYWORDS: Opacity, Phase modulation, Particles, Absorption, Photodiodes, Semiconductor lasers, Standards development, Optical testing, Lung, Combustion

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